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Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet
Breeding vegetative crops (e.g. beets, cabbage, forage grasses) is challenged by two conflicting aims. For field production, flowering must be avoided while flowering and seed set is necessary for breeding and seed production. The biennial species sugar beet makes shoot elongation (‘bolting’) follow...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30382124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34328-4 |
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author | Dally, Nadine Eckel, Maike Batschauer, Alfred Höft, Nadine Jung, Christian |
author_facet | Dally, Nadine Eckel, Maike Batschauer, Alfred Höft, Nadine Jung, Christian |
author_sort | Dally, Nadine |
collection | PubMed |
description | Breeding vegetative crops (e.g. beets, cabbage, forage grasses) is challenged by two conflicting aims. For field production, flowering must be avoided while flowering and seed set is necessary for breeding and seed production. The biennial species sugar beet makes shoot elongation (‘bolting’) followed by flowering after a long period of cold temperatures. Field production in northern geographical regions starts in spring. A thickened storage root is formed only during vegetative growth. It is expected that winter beets, which are sown before winter would have a much higher yield potential. However, field production was not possible so far due to bolting after winter. We propose a strategy to breed winter beets exploiting haplotype variation at two major bolting time loci, B and B2. Both genes encode transcription factors controlling the expression of two orthologs of the Arabidopsis gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We detected an epistatic interaction between both genes because F(2) plants homozygous for two B/B2 mutant alleles did not bolt even after vernalization. Fluorescence complementation studies revealed that both proteins form a heterodimer in vivo. In non-bolting plants, the bolting activator BvFT2 was completely downregulated whereas the repressor BvFT1 was upregulated which suggests that both genes acquire a CONSTANS (CO) like function in beet. Like CO, B and B2 proteins house CCT and BBX domains which, in contrast to CO are split between the two beet genes. We propose an alternative regulation of FT orthologs in beet that can be exploited to breed winter beets. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6208394 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62083942018-11-01 Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet Dally, Nadine Eckel, Maike Batschauer, Alfred Höft, Nadine Jung, Christian Sci Rep Article Breeding vegetative crops (e.g. beets, cabbage, forage grasses) is challenged by two conflicting aims. For field production, flowering must be avoided while flowering and seed set is necessary for breeding and seed production. The biennial species sugar beet makes shoot elongation (‘bolting’) followed by flowering after a long period of cold temperatures. Field production in northern geographical regions starts in spring. A thickened storage root is formed only during vegetative growth. It is expected that winter beets, which are sown before winter would have a much higher yield potential. However, field production was not possible so far due to bolting after winter. We propose a strategy to breed winter beets exploiting haplotype variation at two major bolting time loci, B and B2. Both genes encode transcription factors controlling the expression of two orthologs of the Arabidopsis gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We detected an epistatic interaction between both genes because F(2) plants homozygous for two B/B2 mutant alleles did not bolt even after vernalization. Fluorescence complementation studies revealed that both proteins form a heterodimer in vivo. In non-bolting plants, the bolting activator BvFT2 was completely downregulated whereas the repressor BvFT1 was upregulated which suggests that both genes acquire a CONSTANS (CO) like function in beet. Like CO, B and B2 proteins house CCT and BBX domains which, in contrast to CO are split between the two beet genes. We propose an alternative regulation of FT orthologs in beet that can be exploited to breed winter beets. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6208394/ /pubmed/30382124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34328-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Dally, Nadine Eckel, Maike Batschauer, Alfred Höft, Nadine Jung, Christian Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title | Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title_full | Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title_fullStr | Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title_full_unstemmed | Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title_short | Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
title_sort | two constans-like genes jointly control flowering time in beet |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30382124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34328-4 |
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