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Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses

PURPOSE: The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on it...

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Autores principales: Olewnik, Łukasz, Waśniewska, Anna, Polguj, Michał, Podgórski, Michał, Łabętowicz, Piotr, Ruzik, Kacper, Topol, Mirosław
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Paris 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30022223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2069-2
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author Olewnik, Łukasz
Waśniewska, Anna
Polguj, Michał
Podgórski, Michał
Łabętowicz, Piotr
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
author_facet Olewnik, Łukasz
Waśniewska, Anna
Polguj, Michał
Podgórski, Michał
Łabętowicz, Piotr
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
author_sort Olewnik, Łukasz
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on its variations that would relate to the spectrum of morphological variability in adults. METHODS: Eighty spontaneously aborted human foetuses (44 male, 36 female, 160 upper limbs), aged 18–38 weeks of gestation, were examined. RESULTS: The palmaris longus muscle was present in 62.5% of fetuses. The absence was bilateral in 26.25%, and unilateral in 22.5%. Nine types of palmaris longus muscles were identified based on the morphology of its insertion (Types I–IX). All types originated on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The most common type was Type I, which was characterized by insertion to the palmar aponeurosis (52%). The rarest types were Type VII and Type IX (1% each). Type VII was characterized by partial doubling of the muscle belly, which then turned into two separate tendons that inserted together into the palmar aponeurosis. Type IX was characterized by fusion with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. CONCLUSION: Our findings concerning morphological variability of the PL in fetuses present a new perspective on the understanding nature of the morphological variation of the PL muscle in adults. LIST OF EVIDENCE: Basic Science Study.
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spelling pubmed-62086802018-11-09 Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses Olewnik, Łukasz Waśniewska, Anna Polguj, Michał Podgórski, Michał Łabętowicz, Piotr Ruzik, Kacper Topol, Mirosław Surg Radiol Anat Original Article PURPOSE: The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on its variations that would relate to the spectrum of morphological variability in adults. METHODS: Eighty spontaneously aborted human foetuses (44 male, 36 female, 160 upper limbs), aged 18–38 weeks of gestation, were examined. RESULTS: The palmaris longus muscle was present in 62.5% of fetuses. The absence was bilateral in 26.25%, and unilateral in 22.5%. Nine types of palmaris longus muscles were identified based on the morphology of its insertion (Types I–IX). All types originated on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The most common type was Type I, which was characterized by insertion to the palmar aponeurosis (52%). The rarest types were Type VII and Type IX (1% each). Type VII was characterized by partial doubling of the muscle belly, which then turned into two separate tendons that inserted together into the palmar aponeurosis. Type IX was characterized by fusion with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. CONCLUSION: Our findings concerning morphological variability of the PL in fetuses present a new perspective on the understanding nature of the morphological variation of the PL muscle in adults. LIST OF EVIDENCE: Basic Science Study. Springer Paris 2018-07-18 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6208680/ /pubmed/30022223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2069-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Article
Olewnik, Łukasz
Waśniewska, Anna
Polguj, Michał
Podgórski, Michał
Łabętowicz, Piotr
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title_full Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title_fullStr Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title_full_unstemmed Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title_short Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
title_sort morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30022223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2069-2
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