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Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array

A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its de...

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Autores principales: Qiu, Chunyu, Ma, Shuqing, Chen, Yu, Meng, Zhou, Wang, Jianfei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6211065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103462
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author Qiu, Chunyu
Ma, Shuqing
Chen, Yu
Meng, Zhou
Wang, Jianfei
author_facet Qiu, Chunyu
Ma, Shuqing
Chen, Yu
Meng, Zhou
Wang, Jianfei
author_sort Qiu, Chunyu
collection PubMed
description A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its deployment, can be given by an equation in which the noise gain (NG) is subtracted from the signal gain (SG); hence, a high SG and a negative NG can enhance the performance of the array. OAGs and SGs with different array locations are simulated and analyzed based on the sound propagation properties of the direct-arrival zone (DAZ) and the reliable acoustic path (RAP) using ray theory. SG and NG are related to the correlation coefficients of the signals and noise, respectively, and the vertical correlation is determined by the structures of the multipath arrivals. The SG in the DAZ is always high because there is little difference between the multipath waves, while the SG in the RAP changes with the source-receiver range because of the variety of structure in the multiple arrivals. The SG under different conditions is simulated in this work. The “dual peak” structure can often be observed in the vertical directionality pattern of the noise because of the presence of bottom reflection and deep sound channel. When the directions of the signal and noise are close, the conventional beamformer will enhance the correlation of not only the signals but also the noise; thus, the directivity of the signals and noise are analyzed. Under the condition of having a typical sound speed profile, the OAG in some areas of the DAZ and RAP can achieve high values and even exceed the ideal gain of horizontal line array 10 logN dB, while, in some other areas, it will be lowered because of the influence of the NG. The proposed method of gain analysis can provide analysis methods for vertical arrays in the deep ocean under many conditions with references. The theory and simulation are tested by experimental data.
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spelling pubmed-62110652018-11-02 Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array Qiu, Chunyu Ma, Shuqing Chen, Yu Meng, Zhou Wang, Jianfei Sensors (Basel) Article A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its deployment, can be given by an equation in which the noise gain (NG) is subtracted from the signal gain (SG); hence, a high SG and a negative NG can enhance the performance of the array. OAGs and SGs with different array locations are simulated and analyzed based on the sound propagation properties of the direct-arrival zone (DAZ) and the reliable acoustic path (RAP) using ray theory. SG and NG are related to the correlation coefficients of the signals and noise, respectively, and the vertical correlation is determined by the structures of the multipath arrivals. The SG in the DAZ is always high because there is little difference between the multipath waves, while the SG in the RAP changes with the source-receiver range because of the variety of structure in the multiple arrivals. The SG under different conditions is simulated in this work. The “dual peak” structure can often be observed in the vertical directionality pattern of the noise because of the presence of bottom reflection and deep sound channel. When the directions of the signal and noise are close, the conventional beamformer will enhance the correlation of not only the signals but also the noise; thus, the directivity of the signals and noise are analyzed. Under the condition of having a typical sound speed profile, the OAG in some areas of the DAZ and RAP can achieve high values and even exceed the ideal gain of horizontal line array 10 logN dB, while, in some other areas, it will be lowered because of the influence of the NG. The proposed method of gain analysis can provide analysis methods for vertical arrays in the deep ocean under many conditions with references. The theory and simulation are tested by experimental data. MDPI 2018-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6211065/ /pubmed/30326578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103462 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Qiu, Chunyu
Ma, Shuqing
Chen, Yu
Meng, Zhou
Wang, Jianfei
Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title_full Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title_fullStr Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title_full_unstemmed Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title_short Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
title_sort reliable acoustic path and direct-arrival zone spatial gain analysis for a vertical line array
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6211065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103462
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