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A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes

Biomedical materials constitute a vast scientific research field, which is devoted to producing medical devices which aid in enhancing human life. In this field, there is an enormous demand for long-lasting implants and bone substitutes that avoid rejection issues whilst providing favourable bioacti...

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Autores principales: Siddiqui, Humair A., Pickering, Kim L., Mucalo, Michael R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212993/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30249999
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101813
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author Siddiqui, Humair A.
Pickering, Kim L.
Mucalo, Michael R.
author_facet Siddiqui, Humair A.
Pickering, Kim L.
Mucalo, Michael R.
author_sort Siddiqui, Humair A.
collection PubMed
description Biomedical materials constitute a vast scientific research field, which is devoted to producing medical devices which aid in enhancing human life. In this field, there is an enormous demand for long-lasting implants and bone substitutes that avoid rejection issues whilst providing favourable bioactivity, osteoconductivity and robust mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials possess a close chemical resemblance to the mineral phase of bone, which give rise to their excellent biocompatibility, so allowing for them to serve the purpose of a bone-substituting and osteoconductive scaffold. The biodegradability of HAp is low (Ksp ≈ 6.62 × 10(−126)) as compared to other calcium phosphates materials, however they are known for their ability to develop bone-like apatite coatings on their surface for enhanced bone bonding. Despite its favourable bone regeneration properties, restrictions on the use of pure HAp ceramics in high load-bearing applications exist due to its inherently low mechanical properties (including low strength and fracture toughness, and poor wear resistance). Recent innovations in the field of bio-composites and nanoscience have reignited the investigation of utilising different carbonaceous materials for enhancing the mechanical properties of composites, including HAp-based bio-composites. Researchers have preferred carbonaceous materials with hydroxyapatite due to their inherent biocompatibility and good structural properties. It has been demonstrated that different structures of carbonaceous material can be used to improve the fracture toughness of HAp, as they can easily serve the purpose of being a second phase reinforcement, with the resulting composite still being a biocompatible material. Nanostructured carbonaceous structures, especially those in the form of fibres and sheets, were found to be very effective in increasing the fracture toughness values of HAp. Minor addition of CNTs (3 wt.%) has resulted in a more than 200% increase in fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite-nanorods/CNTs made using spark plasma sintering. This paper presents a current review of the research field of using different carbonaceous materials composited with hydroxyapatite with the intent being to produce high performance biomedically targeted materials.
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spelling pubmed-62129932018-11-14 A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes Siddiqui, Humair A. Pickering, Kim L. Mucalo, Michael R. Materials (Basel) Review Biomedical materials constitute a vast scientific research field, which is devoted to producing medical devices which aid in enhancing human life. In this field, there is an enormous demand for long-lasting implants and bone substitutes that avoid rejection issues whilst providing favourable bioactivity, osteoconductivity and robust mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials possess a close chemical resemblance to the mineral phase of bone, which give rise to their excellent biocompatibility, so allowing for them to serve the purpose of a bone-substituting and osteoconductive scaffold. The biodegradability of HAp is low (Ksp ≈ 6.62 × 10(−126)) as compared to other calcium phosphates materials, however they are known for their ability to develop bone-like apatite coatings on their surface for enhanced bone bonding. Despite its favourable bone regeneration properties, restrictions on the use of pure HAp ceramics in high load-bearing applications exist due to its inherently low mechanical properties (including low strength and fracture toughness, and poor wear resistance). Recent innovations in the field of bio-composites and nanoscience have reignited the investigation of utilising different carbonaceous materials for enhancing the mechanical properties of composites, including HAp-based bio-composites. Researchers have preferred carbonaceous materials with hydroxyapatite due to their inherent biocompatibility and good structural properties. It has been demonstrated that different structures of carbonaceous material can be used to improve the fracture toughness of HAp, as they can easily serve the purpose of being a second phase reinforcement, with the resulting composite still being a biocompatible material. Nanostructured carbonaceous structures, especially those in the form of fibres and sheets, were found to be very effective in increasing the fracture toughness values of HAp. Minor addition of CNTs (3 wt.%) has resulted in a more than 200% increase in fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite-nanorods/CNTs made using spark plasma sintering. This paper presents a current review of the research field of using different carbonaceous materials composited with hydroxyapatite with the intent being to produce high performance biomedically targeted materials. MDPI 2018-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6212993/ /pubmed/30249999 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101813 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Siddiqui, Humair A.
Pickering, Kim L.
Mucalo, Michael R.
A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title_full A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title_fullStr A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title_full_unstemmed A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title_short A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes
title_sort review on the use of hydroxyapatite-carbonaceous structure composites in bone replacement materials for strengthening purposes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212993/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30249999
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101813
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