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Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Sirtuin was originally studied as the lifespan-extending gene, silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) in budding yeast. There are seven mammalian homolog...

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Autores principales: Fujita, Yuki, Yamashita, Toshihide
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30416425
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00778
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author Fujita, Yuki
Yamashita, Toshihide
author_facet Fujita, Yuki
Yamashita, Toshihide
author_sort Fujita, Yuki
collection PubMed
description Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Sirtuin was originally studied as the lifespan-extending gene, silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) in budding yeast. There are seven mammalian homologs of sirtuin (SIRT1–7), and SIRT1 is the closest homolog to SIRT2. SIRT1 modulates various key targets via deacetylation. In addition to histones, these targets include transcription factors, such as forkhead box O (FOXO), Ku70, p53, NF-κB, PPAR-gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). SIRT1 has many biological functions, including aging, cell survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Genetic and physiological analyses in animal models have shown beneficial roles for SIRT1 in the brain during both development and adulthood. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that SIRT1 regulates the cellular fate of neural progenitors, axon elongation, dendritic branching, synaptic plasticity, and endocrine function. In addition to its importance in physiological processes, SIRT1 has also been implicated in protection of neurons from degeneration in models of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we focus on the role of SIRT1 in the neuroendocrine system and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the sirtuin pathway.
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spelling pubmed-62137502018-11-09 Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases Fujita, Yuki Yamashita, Toshihide Front Neurosci Neuroscience Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Sirtuin was originally studied as the lifespan-extending gene, silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) in budding yeast. There are seven mammalian homologs of sirtuin (SIRT1–7), and SIRT1 is the closest homolog to SIRT2. SIRT1 modulates various key targets via deacetylation. In addition to histones, these targets include transcription factors, such as forkhead box O (FOXO), Ku70, p53, NF-κB, PPAR-gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). SIRT1 has many biological functions, including aging, cell survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Genetic and physiological analyses in animal models have shown beneficial roles for SIRT1 in the brain during both development and adulthood. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that SIRT1 regulates the cellular fate of neural progenitors, axon elongation, dendritic branching, synaptic plasticity, and endocrine function. In addition to its importance in physiological processes, SIRT1 has also been implicated in protection of neurons from degeneration in models of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we focus on the role of SIRT1 in the neuroendocrine system and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the sirtuin pathway. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6213750/ /pubmed/30416425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00778 Text en Copyright © 2018 Fujita and Yamashita. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Fujita, Yuki
Yamashita, Toshihide
Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title_full Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title_fullStr Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title_short Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases
title_sort sirtuins in neuroendocrine regulation and neurological diseases
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30416425
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00778
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