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Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis
Although it is well known that penile growth is dependent on androgens, few clinical studies have reported successful treatment of micropenis with testosterone, likely due to concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of prolonged testosterone use. Thus, we assessed the synergenic effects of growth...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Bioscientifica Ltd
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6215796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0200 |
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author | Oh, Jin Kyu Im, Young Jae Park, Kwanjin Paick, Jae-Seung |
author_facet | Oh, Jin Kyu Im, Young Jae Park, Kwanjin Paick, Jae-Seung |
author_sort | Oh, Jin Kyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although it is well known that penile growth is dependent on androgens, few clinical studies have reported successful treatment of micropenis with testosterone, likely due to concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of prolonged testosterone use. Thus, we assessed the synergenic effects of growth hormone (GH) treatments with and without testosterone on phallic growth in a rat model of micropenis. Fifty Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to control (C), microphallus (MP), testosterone, GH (G) and GH plus testosterone (GT) treatment groups, and microphallus was induced by secondary hypogonadism. Pre-pubertal treatments with testosterone, GH or the combination were initiated from 7 days after birth and were maintained until 12 weeks of age. To assess the efficacy of treatments, phallic dimensions were determined and histological markers of cavernosal integrity were evaluated. Skeletal and gonadal safety profiles of the treatments were then assessed according to right tibial lengths and testicular weights, respectively. No monotreatments normalised penile dimensions, whereas combination treatments led to complete restoration. The combination treatment also prevented decreases in histological indicators of cavernosal integrity, including smooth muscle actin and collagen III expression levels and fat globule accumulation and sinusoidal density. These synergenic effects of GH treatments on penile growth may follow changes in androgen receptor expression levels and were accompanied by decreased testicular volume losses. Although the physiological conditions of phallic growth differ between humans and rats, this proof-of-concept study provides a strategy for circumventing the problems of testosterone monotherapy for human micropenis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6215796 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Bioscientifica Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62157962018-11-07 Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis Oh, Jin Kyu Im, Young Jae Park, Kwanjin Paick, Jae-Seung Endocr Connect Research Although it is well known that penile growth is dependent on androgens, few clinical studies have reported successful treatment of micropenis with testosterone, likely due to concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of prolonged testosterone use. Thus, we assessed the synergenic effects of growth hormone (GH) treatments with and without testosterone on phallic growth in a rat model of micropenis. Fifty Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to control (C), microphallus (MP), testosterone, GH (G) and GH plus testosterone (GT) treatment groups, and microphallus was induced by secondary hypogonadism. Pre-pubertal treatments with testosterone, GH or the combination were initiated from 7 days after birth and were maintained until 12 weeks of age. To assess the efficacy of treatments, phallic dimensions were determined and histological markers of cavernosal integrity were evaluated. Skeletal and gonadal safety profiles of the treatments were then assessed according to right tibial lengths and testicular weights, respectively. No monotreatments normalised penile dimensions, whereas combination treatments led to complete restoration. The combination treatment also prevented decreases in histological indicators of cavernosal integrity, including smooth muscle actin and collagen III expression levels and fat globule accumulation and sinusoidal density. These synergenic effects of GH treatments on penile growth may follow changes in androgen receptor expression levels and were accompanied by decreased testicular volume losses. Although the physiological conditions of phallic growth differ between humans and rats, this proof-of-concept study provides a strategy for circumventing the problems of testosterone monotherapy for human micropenis. Bioscientifica Ltd 2018-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6215796/ /pubmed/30352406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0200 Text en © 2018 The authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Oh, Jin Kyu Im, Young Jae Park, Kwanjin Paick, Jae-Seung Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title | Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title_full | Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title_fullStr | Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title_short | Effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
title_sort | effects of combined growth hormone and testosterone treatments in a rat model of micropenis |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6215796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0200 |
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