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Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparent...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6218538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30397246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6 |
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author | Cardeñosa, Diego Quinlan, Jessica Shea, Kwok Ho Chapman, Demian D. |
author_facet | Cardeñosa, Diego Quinlan, Jessica Shea, Kwok Ho Chapman, Demian D. |
author_sort | Cardeñosa, Diego |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6218538 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62185382018-11-07 Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species Cardeñosa, Diego Quinlan, Jessica Shea, Kwok Ho Chapman, Demian D. Sci Rep Article The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6218538/ /pubmed/30397246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Cardeñosa, Diego Quinlan, Jessica Shea, Kwok Ho Chapman, Demian D. Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title | Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title_full | Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title_fullStr | Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title_short | Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species |
title_sort | multiplex real-time pcr assay to detect illegal trade of cites-listed shark species |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6218538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30397246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6 |
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