Establishing grading indices of available soil potassium on paddy soils in Hubei province, China

Soil testing is an important diagnostic tool for assessing crop-available soil potassium (K) and hence making appropriate fertilizer recommendation. This study was aimed at correlating grain yield response data to soil-test K extracted with ammonium acetate (NH(4)OAc), cold nitric acid (HNO(3)), sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) and boiling HNO(3) solution, based on 54 field trials conducted during 2011 to 2015 across 15 counties in Hubei province, China. The specific objectives were to establish abundance and deficiency indices of available soil-K (ASK) for rice (Oryza sativa L.) and make accurate K fertilizer recommendations. Potassium extracted with NaTPB and boiling HNO(3) was 1.47 times and 3.61 times higher respectively than that extracted with cold HNO(3), while K extracted with cold HNO(3) was 1.32 times higher than that extracted with NH(4)OAc. There were significant logarithmic relationships between crop response and soil-test K. The R(2) values for cold HNO(3)-K and NaTPB-K methods were much higher than for NH(4)OAc-K method. In order to calibrate the application, the abundance and deficiency indices of ASK categorized by cold HNO(3)-K in low, medium, high and very high ranges were <50 mg kg(−1), 50 to 100 mg kg(−1), 100 to 200 mg kg(−1) and >200 mg kg(−1) respectively, and that defined by NaTPB-K were <60 mg kg(−1), 60 to 150 mg kg(−1), 150 to 330 mg kg(−1) and >330 mg kg(−1), respectively. These values could be used to evaluate soil K supplying capacity and make appropriate K fertilizer recommendations for rice.