High intensity resistance training causes muscle damage and increases biomarkers of acute kidney injury in healthy individuals

PURPOSE: High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) is an increasingly popular exercise program that provides positive results with short sessions. This study aimed to evaluate whether an HIIRT session causes muscle and kidney damage. METHODS: Fifty-eight healthy volunteers (median age 24 years, 50% women) participated in this study and performed a HIIRT session. The Borg CR10 scale for pain (CR10P) and blood and urine samples were collected before (baseline) and 2 and 24 hours after the HIIRT session. Blood samples were analyzed for serum creatinine (SCr), creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin. Urine samples were assessed for creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 18, calbindin, microalbuminuria, trefoil factor-3 and β-2 microglobulin. RESULTS: CR10P had a significant increase at 2 and 24 hours post-workout, and CK increased significantly at 2 hours and increased further at 24 hours. Myoglobin increased significantly at 2 hours and remained elevated at 24 hours. SCr increased modestly but significantly at 24 hours only in men. Three men met the KDIGO diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury. The urinary kidney injury biomarkers increased significantly at 2 hours and returned to the baseline values 24 hours after HIIRT. CONCLUSIONS: A single HIIRT session caused early and significant elevations in CK, myoglobin, SCr, microalbuminuria and urinary biomarkers indicative of kidney tubular injury, suggesting the occurrence of muscle and kidney damage.