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Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products
Silica is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust, and over time it has been introduced first into human life and later into engineering. Silica is present in the food chain and in the human body. As a biomaterial, silica is widely used in dentistry, orthopedics, and dermatology. Rece...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222648/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30104542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082021 |
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author | Gonçalves, M. Clara |
author_facet | Gonçalves, M. Clara |
author_sort | Gonçalves, M. Clara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Silica is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust, and over time it has been introduced first into human life and later into engineering. Silica is present in the food chain and in the human body. As a biomaterial, silica is widely used in dentistry, orthopedics, and dermatology. Recently amorphous sol-gel SiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) have appeared as nanocarriers in a wide range of medical applications, namely in drug/gene target delivery and imaging diagnosis, where they stand out for their high biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, enormous flexibility for surface modification with a high payload capacity, and prolonged blood circulation time. The sol-gel process is an extremely versatile bottom-up methodology used in the synthesis of silica NPs, offering a great variety of chemical possibilities, such as high homogeneity and purity, along with full scale pH processing. By introducing organic functional groups or surfactants during the sol-gel process, ORMOSIL NPs or mesoporous NPs are produced. Colloidal route, biomimetic synthesis, solution route and template synthesis (the main sol-gel methods to produce monosized silica nanoparticles) are compared and discussed. This short review goes over some of the emerging approaches in the field of non-porous sol-gel silica NPs aiming at medical applications, centered on the syntheses processes used. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6222648 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62226482018-11-13 Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products Gonçalves, M. Clara Molecules Review Silica is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust, and over time it has been introduced first into human life and later into engineering. Silica is present in the food chain and in the human body. As a biomaterial, silica is widely used in dentistry, orthopedics, and dermatology. Recently amorphous sol-gel SiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) have appeared as nanocarriers in a wide range of medical applications, namely in drug/gene target delivery and imaging diagnosis, where they stand out for their high biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, enormous flexibility for surface modification with a high payload capacity, and prolonged blood circulation time. The sol-gel process is an extremely versatile bottom-up methodology used in the synthesis of silica NPs, offering a great variety of chemical possibilities, such as high homogeneity and purity, along with full scale pH processing. By introducing organic functional groups or surfactants during the sol-gel process, ORMOSIL NPs or mesoporous NPs are produced. Colloidal route, biomimetic synthesis, solution route and template synthesis (the main sol-gel methods to produce monosized silica nanoparticles) are compared and discussed. This short review goes over some of the emerging approaches in the field of non-porous sol-gel silica NPs aiming at medical applications, centered on the syntheses processes used. MDPI 2018-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6222648/ /pubmed/30104542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082021 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gonçalves, M. Clara Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title | Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title_full | Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title_fullStr | Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title_full_unstemmed | Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title_short | Sol-Gel Silica Nanoparticles in Medicine: A Natural Choice. Design, Synthesis and Products |
title_sort | sol-gel silica nanoparticles in medicine: a natural choice. design, synthesis and products |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222648/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30104542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082021 |
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