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Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control

The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate f...

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Autor principal: Vlasova, Irina I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30297621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102561
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author Vlasova, Irina I.
author_facet Vlasova, Irina I.
author_sort Vlasova, Irina I.
collection PubMed
description The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate free radicals in the peroxidase cycle and (pseudo)hypohalous acids in the halogenation cycle. The major true peroxidases are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase and lactoperoxidase. (2) Pseudo-peroxidases perform various important functions in the body, but under the influence of external conditions they can display peroxidase-like activity. As oxidative intermediates, these peroxidases produce not only active heme compounds, but also protein-based tyrosyl radicals. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c/cardiolipin complexes and cytoglobin are considered as pseudo-peroxidases. Рeroxidases play an important role in innate immunity and in a number of physiologically important processes like apoptosis and cell signaling. Unfavorable excessive peroxidase activity is implicated in oxidative damage of cells and tissues, thereby initiating the variety of human diseases. Hence, regulation of peroxidase activity is of considerable importance. Since peroxidases differ in structure, properties and location, the mechanisms controlling peroxidase activity and the biological effects of peroxidase products are specific for each hemoprotein. This review summarizes the knowledge about the properties, activities, regulations and biological effects of true and pseudo-peroxidases in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying beneficial and adverse effects of this class of enzymes.
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spelling pubmed-62227272018-11-13 Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control Vlasova, Irina I. Molecules Review The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate free radicals in the peroxidase cycle and (pseudo)hypohalous acids in the halogenation cycle. The major true peroxidases are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase and lactoperoxidase. (2) Pseudo-peroxidases perform various important functions in the body, but under the influence of external conditions they can display peroxidase-like activity. As oxidative intermediates, these peroxidases produce not only active heme compounds, but also protein-based tyrosyl radicals. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c/cardiolipin complexes and cytoglobin are considered as pseudo-peroxidases. Рeroxidases play an important role in innate immunity and in a number of physiologically important processes like apoptosis and cell signaling. Unfavorable excessive peroxidase activity is implicated in oxidative damage of cells and tissues, thereby initiating the variety of human diseases. Hence, regulation of peroxidase activity is of considerable importance. Since peroxidases differ in structure, properties and location, the mechanisms controlling peroxidase activity and the biological effects of peroxidase products are specific for each hemoprotein. This review summarizes the knowledge about the properties, activities, regulations and biological effects of true and pseudo-peroxidases in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying beneficial and adverse effects of this class of enzymes. MDPI 2018-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6222727/ /pubmed/30297621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102561 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vlasova, Irina I.
Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title_full Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title_fullStr Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title_full_unstemmed Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title_short Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control
title_sort peroxidase activity of human hemoproteins: keeping the fire under control
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30297621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102561
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