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Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada

A high-quality diet is associated with a reduced of risk of chronic disease and all-cause mortality. In this study, we assessed changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in the Canadian population between 2004 and 2015. We used a prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach. We first c...

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Autores principales: Nshimyumukiza, Léon, Lieffers, Jessica R. L., Ekwaru, John Paul, Ohinmaa, Arto, Veugelers, Paul J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6224068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206877
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author Nshimyumukiza, Léon
Lieffers, Jessica R. L.
Ekwaru, John Paul
Ohinmaa, Arto
Veugelers, Paul J.
author_facet Nshimyumukiza, Léon
Lieffers, Jessica R. L.
Ekwaru, John Paul
Ohinmaa, Arto
Veugelers, Paul J.
author_sort Nshimyumukiza, Léon
collection PubMed
description A high-quality diet is associated with a reduced of risk of chronic disease and all-cause mortality. In this study, we assessed changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in the Canadian population between 2004 and 2015. We used a prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach. We first calculated the diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada-2010 (HEI-C-2010) and 24-hour recall data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) on nutrition (CCHS 2004 cycle 2.2 and the CCHS-NU 2015). We then retrieved relative risks of HEI-2010 quintiles for chronic diseases from meta-analyses. Based on the proportions of the population following diets of varying qualities and these relative risks, we computed the population-attributable fractions and attributable costs (direct health care and indirect costs) by survey year (2004 and 2015) as well as by age and sex group. Costs were estimated in 2017 Canadian dollars for comparison purposes. We observed that on average the diet quality of Canadians improved between 2004 and 2015: the proportion of the Canadian population that did not eat a diet of high quality decreased from 83% to 76%. This improvement in diet quality translated in a decrease in economic burden of $133 million, down from $13.21 billion in 2004 to $13.08 billion in 2015. The economic burden decreased by $219 million among males but increased by $86 million among females. It also decreased among people under the age of 65 years ($333 million) but increased among those over 65 years ($ 200 million). Our findings suggest that, despite some temporal improvements, the diet of the majority of Canadians is of poor quality resulting in a high attributable economic burden. Policy and decision makers are encouraged to expand nutrition programs and policies and to specifically target the elderly in order to prevent chronic diseases and reduce health care costs.
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spelling pubmed-62240682018-11-19 Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada Nshimyumukiza, Léon Lieffers, Jessica R. L. Ekwaru, John Paul Ohinmaa, Arto Veugelers, Paul J. PLoS One Research Article A high-quality diet is associated with a reduced of risk of chronic disease and all-cause mortality. In this study, we assessed changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in the Canadian population between 2004 and 2015. We used a prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach. We first calculated the diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada-2010 (HEI-C-2010) and 24-hour recall data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) on nutrition (CCHS 2004 cycle 2.2 and the CCHS-NU 2015). We then retrieved relative risks of HEI-2010 quintiles for chronic diseases from meta-analyses. Based on the proportions of the population following diets of varying qualities and these relative risks, we computed the population-attributable fractions and attributable costs (direct health care and indirect costs) by survey year (2004 and 2015) as well as by age and sex group. Costs were estimated in 2017 Canadian dollars for comparison purposes. We observed that on average the diet quality of Canadians improved between 2004 and 2015: the proportion of the Canadian population that did not eat a diet of high quality decreased from 83% to 76%. This improvement in diet quality translated in a decrease in economic burden of $133 million, down from $13.21 billion in 2004 to $13.08 billion in 2015. The economic burden decreased by $219 million among males but increased by $86 million among females. It also decreased among people under the age of 65 years ($333 million) but increased among those over 65 years ($ 200 million). Our findings suggest that, despite some temporal improvements, the diet of the majority of Canadians is of poor quality resulting in a high attributable economic burden. Policy and decision makers are encouraged to expand nutrition programs and policies and to specifically target the elderly in order to prevent chronic diseases and reduce health care costs. Public Library of Science 2018-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6224068/ /pubmed/30408076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206877 Text en © 2018 Nshimyumukiza et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nshimyumukiza, Léon
Lieffers, Jessica R. L.
Ekwaru, John Paul
Ohinmaa, Arto
Veugelers, Paul J.
Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title_full Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title_fullStr Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title_full_unstemmed Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title_short Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada
title_sort temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in canada
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6224068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30408076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206877
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