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Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review

BACKGROUND: Automatic biases, such as attentional biases and avoidance and interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Gamification has been considered for cognitive bias modification, mainly to address the core issues of diminishing motivation to...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Melvyn, Ying, Jiangbo, Song, Guo, Fung, Daniel SS, Smith, Helen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JMIR Publications 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6229516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30361194
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11640
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author Zhang, Melvyn
Ying, Jiangbo
Song, Guo
Fung, Daniel SS
Smith, Helen
author_facet Zhang, Melvyn
Ying, Jiangbo
Song, Guo
Fung, Daniel SS
Smith, Helen
author_sort Zhang, Melvyn
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Automatic biases, such as attentional biases and avoidance and interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Gamification has been considered for cognitive bias modification, mainly to address the core issues of diminishing motivation to train over time, as bias modification intervention tasks tend to be highly repetitive. While a prior review has suggested how gamification strategies could be applied to such tasks, there remains a lack of systematic evaluation of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to understand the overall effectiveness of a gamified approach for cognitive bias modification and inform future research that seeks to integrate gamification technologies into existing conventional bias modification interventions. METHODS: To identify the relevant articles for our review, the following search terminologies were used: (“cognitive bias” OR “attention bias” OR “interpret* bias” OR “approach bias” OR “avoidance bias”) AND (“training” OR “modification” OR “practice” OR “therapy”) AND (“gamification” OR “game elements” OR “game” OR “gaming” OR “game mechanics”). PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched systematically for articles published after 2000. Articles were included if they described a gamified cognitive bias modification task and included participants with underlying psychopathological symptoms. Data were systematically extracted from the identified articles, and a qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Four studies evaluated gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. Two studies included participants with anxiety symptoms, one with affective symptoms, and one with alcohol problems. The conventional visual probe task paradigm was used in 3 studies, and the attentional visual search task paradigm was used in the last study. We found gaming elements incorporated to include that of animations, sounds, feedback, and a point-scoring system for response time and difficulty. Of the 4 identified studies, only 2 reported their gamified interventions to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Our review is the first to systematically synthesize the evidence for gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. The results arising from our review should be considered in the future design and conceptualization of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/10154
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spelling pubmed-62295162018-12-03 Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review Zhang, Melvyn Ying, Jiangbo Song, Guo Fung, Daniel SS Smith, Helen JMIR Ment Health Review BACKGROUND: Automatic biases, such as attentional biases and avoidance and interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Gamification has been considered for cognitive bias modification, mainly to address the core issues of diminishing motivation to train over time, as bias modification intervention tasks tend to be highly repetitive. While a prior review has suggested how gamification strategies could be applied to such tasks, there remains a lack of systematic evaluation of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to understand the overall effectiveness of a gamified approach for cognitive bias modification and inform future research that seeks to integrate gamification technologies into existing conventional bias modification interventions. METHODS: To identify the relevant articles for our review, the following search terminologies were used: (“cognitive bias” OR “attention bias” OR “interpret* bias” OR “approach bias” OR “avoidance bias”) AND (“training” OR “modification” OR “practice” OR “therapy”) AND (“gamification” OR “game elements” OR “game” OR “gaming” OR “game mechanics”). PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched systematically for articles published after 2000. Articles were included if they described a gamified cognitive bias modification task and included participants with underlying psychopathological symptoms. Data were systematically extracted from the identified articles, and a qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Four studies evaluated gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. Two studies included participants with anxiety symptoms, one with affective symptoms, and one with alcohol problems. The conventional visual probe task paradigm was used in 3 studies, and the attentional visual search task paradigm was used in the last study. We found gaming elements incorporated to include that of animations, sounds, feedback, and a point-scoring system for response time and difficulty. Of the 4 identified studies, only 2 reported their gamified interventions to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Our review is the first to systematically synthesize the evidence for gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. The results arising from our review should be considered in the future design and conceptualization of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/10154 JMIR Publications 2018-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6229516/ /pubmed/30361194 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11640 Text en ©Melvyn Zhang, Jiangbo Ying, Guo Song, Daniel SS Fung, Helen Smith. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (http://mental.jmir.org), 25.10.2018. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Mental Health, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mental.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
spellingShingle Review
Zhang, Melvyn
Ying, Jiangbo
Song, Guo
Fung, Daniel SS
Smith, Helen
Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title_full Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title_fullStr Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title_full_unstemmed Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title_short Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
title_sort gamified cognitive bias modification interventions for psychiatric disorders: review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6229516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30361194
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11640
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