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Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment
BACKGROUND: Most displays of laboratory test results include a standard reference range. For some patients (eg, those with chronic conditions), however, getting a result within the standard range may be unachievable, inappropriate, or even harmful. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to test t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
JMIR Publications
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6231727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341053 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11027 |
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author | Scherer, Aaron M Witteman, Holly O Solomon, Jacob Exe, Nicole L Fagerlin, Angela Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J |
author_facet | Scherer, Aaron M Witteman, Holly O Solomon, Jacob Exe, Nicole L Fagerlin, Angela Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J |
author_sort | Scherer, Aaron M |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Most displays of laboratory test results include a standard reference range. For some patients (eg, those with chronic conditions), however, getting a result within the standard range may be unachievable, inappropriate, or even harmful. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to test the impact of including clinically appropriate goal ranges outside the standard range in the visual displays of laboratory test results. METHODS: Participants (N=6776) from a demographically diverse Web-based panel viewed hypothetical glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) test results (HbA(1c) either 6.2% or 8.2%) as part of a type 2 diabetes management scenario. Test result visual displays included either a standard range (4.5%-5.7%) only, a goal range (6.5%-7.5%) added to the standard range, or the goal range only. The results were displayed in 1 of the following 3 display formats: (1) a table; (2) a simple, two-colored number line (simple line); or (3) a number line with diagnostic categories indicated via colored blocks (block line). Primary outcome measures were comprehension of and negative reactions to test results. RESULTS: While goal range information did not influence the understanding of HbA(1c)=8.2% results, the goal range only display produced higher levels of comprehension and decreased negative reactions to HbA(1c)=6.2% test results compared with the no goal range and goal range added conditions. Goal range information was less helpful in the block line condition versus the other formats. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing the standard range with a clinically appropriate goal range could help patients better understand how their test results relate to their personal targets. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6231727 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | JMIR Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62317272018-12-03 Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment Scherer, Aaron M Witteman, Holly O Solomon, Jacob Exe, Nicole L Fagerlin, Angela Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J J Med Internet Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Most displays of laboratory test results include a standard reference range. For some patients (eg, those with chronic conditions), however, getting a result within the standard range may be unachievable, inappropriate, or even harmful. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to test the impact of including clinically appropriate goal ranges outside the standard range in the visual displays of laboratory test results. METHODS: Participants (N=6776) from a demographically diverse Web-based panel viewed hypothetical glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) test results (HbA(1c) either 6.2% or 8.2%) as part of a type 2 diabetes management scenario. Test result visual displays included either a standard range (4.5%-5.7%) only, a goal range (6.5%-7.5%) added to the standard range, or the goal range only. The results were displayed in 1 of the following 3 display formats: (1) a table; (2) a simple, two-colored number line (simple line); or (3) a number line with diagnostic categories indicated via colored blocks (block line). Primary outcome measures were comprehension of and negative reactions to test results. RESULTS: While goal range information did not influence the understanding of HbA(1c)=8.2% results, the goal range only display produced higher levels of comprehension and decreased negative reactions to HbA(1c)=6.2% test results compared with the no goal range and goal range added conditions. Goal range information was less helpful in the block line condition versus the other formats. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing the standard range with a clinically appropriate goal range could help patients better understand how their test results relate to their personal targets. JMIR Publications 2018-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6231727/ /pubmed/30341053 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11027 Text en ©Aaron M Scherer, Holly O Witteman, Jacob Solomon, Nicole L Exe, Angela Fagerlin, Brian J Zikmund-Fisher. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 19.10.2018. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Scherer, Aaron M Witteman, Holly O Solomon, Jacob Exe, Nicole L Fagerlin, Angela Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title | Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title_full | Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title_fullStr | Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title_short | Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment |
title_sort | improving the understanding of test results by substituting (not adding) goal ranges: web-based between-subjects experiment |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6231727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341053 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11027 |
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