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Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane

Fungal infections constitute an emerging threat and a prevalent health problem due to increasing number of immunocompromised people and pharmacological or other treatments aiming at viral infections, cancer or allergies. Currently used antifungals suffer from inefficiency, toxic side effects and dev...

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Autores principales: Diallinas, George, Rafailidou, Nausica, Kalpaktsi, Ioanna, Komianou, Aikaterini Christina, Tsouvali, Vivian, Zantza, Iliana, Mikros, Emmanuel, Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros, Kostakis, Ioannis K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02624
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author Diallinas, George
Rafailidou, Nausica
Kalpaktsi, Ioanna
Komianou, Aikaterini Christina
Tsouvali, Vivian
Zantza, Iliana
Mikros, Emmanuel
Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros
Kostakis, Ioannis K.
author_facet Diallinas, George
Rafailidou, Nausica
Kalpaktsi, Ioanna
Komianou, Aikaterini Christina
Tsouvali, Vivian
Zantza, Iliana
Mikros, Emmanuel
Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros
Kostakis, Ioannis K.
author_sort Diallinas, George
collection PubMed
description Fungal infections constitute an emerging threat and a prevalent health problem due to increasing number of immunocompromised people and pharmacological or other treatments aiming at viral infections, cancer or allergies. Currently used antifungals suffer from inefficiency, toxic side effects and developing drug-resistance. Additionally, over the last two decades no new classes of antifungals have been approved, emphasizing the urgent need for developing a novel generation of antifungals. Here, we investigate the antifungal activity of a series of chemically synthesized Hydroxytyrosol (HT) analogs. HT is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive oil, shown to possess radical-scavenging antioxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. No previous report has studied HT analogs as antifungals. We show that specific analogs have broad and strong antifungal activity, significantly stronger than the parent compound HT. Using Aspergillus nidulans as an in vivo cellular model system, we show that antifungal HT analogs have an unprecedented efficiency in fungal plasma membrane destruction. Importantly, antifungal HT analogs did not show toxicity in a mammalian cell line, whereas no resistance to HT analogs was obtained by standard mutagenesis. Our results open the way for the development of a novel, efficient and safer class of antifungals.
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spelling pubmed-62323002018-11-20 Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane Diallinas, George Rafailidou, Nausica Kalpaktsi, Ioanna Komianou, Aikaterini Christina Tsouvali, Vivian Zantza, Iliana Mikros, Emmanuel Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros Kostakis, Ioannis K. Front Microbiol Microbiology Fungal infections constitute an emerging threat and a prevalent health problem due to increasing number of immunocompromised people and pharmacological or other treatments aiming at viral infections, cancer or allergies. Currently used antifungals suffer from inefficiency, toxic side effects and developing drug-resistance. Additionally, over the last two decades no new classes of antifungals have been approved, emphasizing the urgent need for developing a novel generation of antifungals. Here, we investigate the antifungal activity of a series of chemically synthesized Hydroxytyrosol (HT) analogs. HT is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive oil, shown to possess radical-scavenging antioxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. No previous report has studied HT analogs as antifungals. We show that specific analogs have broad and strong antifungal activity, significantly stronger than the parent compound HT. Using Aspergillus nidulans as an in vivo cellular model system, we show that antifungal HT analogs have an unprecedented efficiency in fungal plasma membrane destruction. Importantly, antifungal HT analogs did not show toxicity in a mammalian cell line, whereas no resistance to HT analogs was obtained by standard mutagenesis. Our results open the way for the development of a novel, efficient and safer class of antifungals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6232300/ /pubmed/30459736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02624 Text en Copyright © 2018 Diallinas, Rafailidou, Kalpaktsi, Komianou, Tsouvali, Zantza, Mikros, Skaltsounis and Kostakis. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Diallinas, George
Rafailidou, Nausica
Kalpaktsi, Ioanna
Komianou, Aikaterini Christina
Tsouvali, Vivian
Zantza, Iliana
Mikros, Emmanuel
Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros
Kostakis, Ioannis K.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title_full Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title_fullStr Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title_full_unstemmed Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title_short Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane
title_sort hydroxytyrosol (ht) analogs act as potent antifungals by direct disruption of the fungal cell membrane
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30459736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02624
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