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Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy
BACKGROUND: Varicocele is known to be associated with infertility and sperm disorders. The exact cause of this ailment is not fully understood. There are limited numbers of studies where venous blood gases (VBGs) of varicocele veins were determined with conflicting results. Therefore, we have invest...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30424751 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0411-y |
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author | Rehman, Khaleeq ur Zaneb, Hafsa Qureshi, Abdul Basit Numan, Ahsan Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz Rabbani, Imtiaz Rehman, Habib |
author_facet | Rehman, Khaleeq ur Zaneb, Hafsa Qureshi, Abdul Basit Numan, Ahsan Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz Rabbani, Imtiaz Rehman, Habib |
author_sort | Rehman, Khaleeq ur |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Varicocele is known to be associated with infertility and sperm disorders. The exact cause of this ailment is not fully understood. There are limited numbers of studies where venous blood gases (VBGs) of varicocele veins were determined with conflicting results. Therefore, we have investigated the pattern of VBGs in both internal spermatic and external spermatic varicocele veins and correlation with semen quality parameters in infertile individuals who underwent left microsurgical varicocelectomy. METHODS: Patients (n = 27) undergoing left microsurgical varicocelectomy at a tertiary care hospital, were included in the study. Before surgery, semen parameters and scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography was performed. During surgery, blood sample was drawn from varicocele veins (internal spermatic and external spermatic veins) and a peripheral arm vein of the same patient as a control. The VBGs of all veins under study were estimated and compared with each other. The VBGs were also correlated with various semen quality parameters. Data, expressed as Mean ± SD, regarding VBGs in three veins were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The correlation between VBGs and semen quality parameters was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The pH was found to be higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the external spermatic and the peripheral veins. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) and oxygen saturation (sO(2)) were higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the peripheral vein. However, concentration of bicarbonate (HCO(3)) was lower (p < 0.01) in both veins compared with the peripheral vein. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) was also lower (p < 0.01) in the varicocele veins compared with the control vein. CONCLUSION: The internal spermatic veins had higher pH and oxygen tension, but lower HCO(3) and pCO(2) levels compared with the control peripheral veins. External spermatic veins had lower pCO(2) and HCO(3) but other VBGs were similar to the peripheral veins. The shift of VBGs of internal spermatic vein toward arterial blood pattern may be a missing link to understand the pathophysiology of varicocele. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6234665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62346652018-11-23 Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy Rehman, Khaleeq ur Zaneb, Hafsa Qureshi, Abdul Basit Numan, Ahsan Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz Rabbani, Imtiaz Rehman, Habib BMC Urol Research Article BACKGROUND: Varicocele is known to be associated with infertility and sperm disorders. The exact cause of this ailment is not fully understood. There are limited numbers of studies where venous blood gases (VBGs) of varicocele veins were determined with conflicting results. Therefore, we have investigated the pattern of VBGs in both internal spermatic and external spermatic varicocele veins and correlation with semen quality parameters in infertile individuals who underwent left microsurgical varicocelectomy. METHODS: Patients (n = 27) undergoing left microsurgical varicocelectomy at a tertiary care hospital, were included in the study. Before surgery, semen parameters and scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography was performed. During surgery, blood sample was drawn from varicocele veins (internal spermatic and external spermatic veins) and a peripheral arm vein of the same patient as a control. The VBGs of all veins under study were estimated and compared with each other. The VBGs were also correlated with various semen quality parameters. Data, expressed as Mean ± SD, regarding VBGs in three veins were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The correlation between VBGs and semen quality parameters was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The pH was found to be higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the external spermatic and the peripheral veins. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) and oxygen saturation (sO(2)) were higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the peripheral vein. However, concentration of bicarbonate (HCO(3)) was lower (p < 0.01) in both veins compared with the peripheral vein. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) was also lower (p < 0.01) in the varicocele veins compared with the control vein. CONCLUSION: The internal spermatic veins had higher pH and oxygen tension, but lower HCO(3) and pCO(2) levels compared with the control peripheral veins. External spermatic veins had lower pCO(2) and HCO(3) but other VBGs were similar to the peripheral veins. The shift of VBGs of internal spermatic vein toward arterial blood pattern may be a missing link to understand the pathophysiology of varicocele. BioMed Central 2018-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6234665/ /pubmed/30424751 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0411-y Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rehman, Khaleeq ur Zaneb, Hafsa Qureshi, Abdul Basit Numan, Ahsan Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz Rabbani, Imtiaz Rehman, Habib Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title | Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title_full | Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title_fullStr | Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title_full_unstemmed | Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title_short | Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy |
title_sort | pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical varicocelectomy |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30424751 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0411-y |
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