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Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future
Pharmacology education has passed through various stages in the evolution sequence due to ever-changing type and repository of drugs as well as technological advancements in the educational processes. This article reviews the journey of evolution of pharmacology education. Pharmacology is relevant c...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30505051 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_239_18 |
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author | Badyal, Dinesh K. |
author_facet | Badyal, Dinesh K. |
author_sort | Badyal, Dinesh K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pharmacology education has passed through various stages in the evolution sequence due to ever-changing type and repository of drugs as well as technological advancements in the educational processes. This article reviews the journey of evolution of pharmacology education. Pharmacology is relevant component of various curricula in medical, dental, and paramedical courses. A huge number of students learn pharmacology as a subject. Important milestones in evolutionary sequence included revisions and updates in learning objectives, teaching-learning material/methods and assessment in undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) levels. During this period, a number of pharmacology organizations and associations were formed for the progress of the subject. The inception of Indian Pharmacological Society and International Union of Pharmacology is worth mentioning. There are standardization and unification efforts being done in pharmacology education at national and international levels. The era of animal experimentation is struggling to survive in the new era of animations and simulations. There is increasingly more emphasis on the relevant clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology components in the education. The past evolutionary sequences provide leads for future evolutions. New courses and innovations are being designed and implemented to make pharmacology education more meaningful and useful to the new technology-savvy students. A number of innovations in the form of case-based learning, objective-structured practical examination, small group learning, interactive, and integrated methods are being implemented. There is a lot of work being done to introduce a competency-based intergraded curriculum in medical UG and PG courses. All these evolutionary sequences require changing and evolving role of teachers as facilitators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6234714 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62347142018-11-30 Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future Badyal, Dinesh K. Indian J Pharmacol Educational Forum Pharmacology education has passed through various stages in the evolution sequence due to ever-changing type and repository of drugs as well as technological advancements in the educational processes. This article reviews the journey of evolution of pharmacology education. Pharmacology is relevant component of various curricula in medical, dental, and paramedical courses. A huge number of students learn pharmacology as a subject. Important milestones in evolutionary sequence included revisions and updates in learning objectives, teaching-learning material/methods and assessment in undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) levels. During this period, a number of pharmacology organizations and associations were formed for the progress of the subject. The inception of Indian Pharmacological Society and International Union of Pharmacology is worth mentioning. There are standardization and unification efforts being done in pharmacology education at national and international levels. The era of animal experimentation is struggling to survive in the new era of animations and simulations. There is increasingly more emphasis on the relevant clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology components in the education. The past evolutionary sequences provide leads for future evolutions. New courses and innovations are being designed and implemented to make pharmacology education more meaningful and useful to the new technology-savvy students. A number of innovations in the form of case-based learning, objective-structured practical examination, small group learning, interactive, and integrated methods are being implemented. There is a lot of work being done to introduce a competency-based intergraded curriculum in medical UG and PG courses. All these evolutionary sequences require changing and evolving role of teachers as facilitators. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6234714/ /pubmed/30505051 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_239_18 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Indian Journal of Pharmacology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Educational Forum Badyal, Dinesh K. Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title | Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title_full | Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title_fullStr | Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title_short | Evolution of pharmacology education in India: Past and future |
title_sort | evolution of pharmacology education in india: past and future |
topic | Educational Forum |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30505051 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_239_18 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT badyaldineshk evolutionofpharmacologyeducationinindiapastandfuture |