Contrôle de qualité virologique du sang transfusé dans la ville de Bukavu, Sud Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo

INTRODUCTION: In Bukavu, transfused blood is selected using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). These tests are easily performed without specialized equipments. This study aims to evaluate the virological quality of transfused blood assessed using rapid diagnostic tests. METHODS: A blood sample was drawn from a blood bag and collected in a 4ml dry tube in 5 Health Care Facilities over a month. Counter analysis was performed on each sample using rapid tests and ELISA. Intrinsic and extrinsic values were calculated. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of RDT compared with ELISA. RESULTS: Three hundred and twelve samples were collected; 5 samples were positive for one or the other virologic marker while 307 samples were negative in all the tests. However Elisa showed, out of the 307 samples which were RDT test negative, 15 other positive samples including 3 samples positive for HIV, 3 for HCV and 9 for HBV. In addition, ELISA validated some RDT-positive samples and contradicted other results. Sensitivity and positive predictive value from rapid diagnostic tests were very low. The reliability of these tests was satisfactory, medium or low. CONCLUSION: Blood assessed using RDTs poses a non negligible risk of viral infections. This study highlights the need for more reliable and efficient tests in our Health Care Facilities.