EBV Positive Gastric Carcinomas and Their Clinicopathological Characteristics

BACKGROUND: The understanding of the etiopathogenesis of gastric carcinoma (GC) can be a base for development of new therapeutic methods to reduce mortality and to increase survival in patients with GC. The percentage of Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) positive gastric carcinomas is uncertain, and the etiologic importance of EBV in the pathogenesis of GC has still not been elucidated. AIM: This study aimed to determine the percentage of EBV associated GC as well as to determine their clinicopathological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 80 patients with GC who were analysed for ethnicity, local growth of a tumour (T status), the presence of nodal metastases (N), the presence of distant metastases (M), stage of the disease and degree of carcinoma differentiation. For detection of EBV, immunostainings were performed on tumour tissue and the peripheral non-tumour gastric mucosa. RESULTS: Positive immunostaining with an antibody against EBV was found in 19 (23.75%) of the 80 patients with gastric carcinomas. EBV immunostainings were significantly different in patients with or without metastasis and between patients of Macedonian and Albanian ethnicity (p < 0.0001, p < 0.009, respectively). EBV immunoexpression was significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases and with patients of Albanian ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Association of EBV immunostainings with distant metastasis in patients with GC suggests the influence of EBV infection on the progression of gastric carcinoma. Due to scarce and doubtful literature data on EBV associated GC, further studies are necessary to determine the role of EBV regarding aetiology, treatment and prognosis in patients with EBV associated gastric carcinoma.