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Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species

Colour pattern development of butterfly wings has been studied from several different approaches. However, developmental changes in the pupal wing tissues have rarely been documented visually. In this study, we recorded real-time developmental changes of the pupal whole wings of 9 nymphalid, 2 lycae...

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Autores principales: Iwata, Masaki, Tsutsumi, Motosuke, Otaki, Joji M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237780/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30442931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34990-8
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author Iwata, Masaki
Tsutsumi, Motosuke
Otaki, Joji M.
author_facet Iwata, Masaki
Tsutsumi, Motosuke
Otaki, Joji M.
author_sort Iwata, Masaki
collection PubMed
description Colour pattern development of butterfly wings has been studied from several different approaches. However, developmental changes in the pupal wing tissues have rarely been documented visually. In this study, we recorded real-time developmental changes of the pupal whole wings of 9 nymphalid, 2 lycaenid, and 1 pierid species in vivo, from immediately after pupation to eclosion, using the forewing-lift method. The developmental period was roughly divided into four sequential stages. At the very early stage, the wing tissue was transparent, but at the second stage, it became semi-transparent and showed dynamic peripheral adjustment and slow low-frequency contractions. At this stage, the wing peripheral portion diminished in size, but simultaneously, the ventral epithelium expanded in size. Likely because of scale growth, the wing tissue became deeply whitish at the second and third stages, followed by pigment deposition and structural colour expression at the fourth stage. Some red or yellow (light-colour) areas that emerged early were “overpainted” by expanding black areas, suggesting the coexistence of two morphogenic signals in some scale cells. The discal spot emerged first in some nymphalid species, as though it organised the entire development of colour patterns. These results indicated the dynamic wing developmental processes common in butterflies.
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spelling pubmed-62377802018-11-23 Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species Iwata, Masaki Tsutsumi, Motosuke Otaki, Joji M. Sci Rep Article Colour pattern development of butterfly wings has been studied from several different approaches. However, developmental changes in the pupal wing tissues have rarely been documented visually. In this study, we recorded real-time developmental changes of the pupal whole wings of 9 nymphalid, 2 lycaenid, and 1 pierid species in vivo, from immediately after pupation to eclosion, using the forewing-lift method. The developmental period was roughly divided into four sequential stages. At the very early stage, the wing tissue was transparent, but at the second stage, it became semi-transparent and showed dynamic peripheral adjustment and slow low-frequency contractions. At this stage, the wing peripheral portion diminished in size, but simultaneously, the ventral epithelium expanded in size. Likely because of scale growth, the wing tissue became deeply whitish at the second and third stages, followed by pigment deposition and structural colour expression at the fourth stage. Some red or yellow (light-colour) areas that emerged early were “overpainted” by expanding black areas, suggesting the coexistence of two morphogenic signals in some scale cells. The discal spot emerged first in some nymphalid species, as though it organised the entire development of colour patterns. These results indicated the dynamic wing developmental processes common in butterflies. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6237780/ /pubmed/30442931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34990-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Iwata, Masaki
Tsutsumi, Motosuke
Otaki, Joji M.
Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title_full Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title_fullStr Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title_full_unstemmed Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title_short Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
title_sort developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237780/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30442931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34990-8
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