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Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and Canine Parvovirus (CPV) lead to infections with high mortality rates in dogs. These viruses affect unvaccinated dogs or dogs with incomplete vaccination protocols. Vaccination plays an important role in reducing death rates, preventing clinical cases and...

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Autores principales: Vila Nova, Beatriz, Cunha, Eva, Sepúlveda, Nuno, Oliveira, Manuela, São Braz, Berta, Tavares, Luis, Almeida, Virgílio, Gil, Solange
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445957
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1673-z
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author Vila Nova, Beatriz
Cunha, Eva
Sepúlveda, Nuno
Oliveira, Manuela
São Braz, Berta
Tavares, Luis
Almeida, Virgílio
Gil, Solange
author_facet Vila Nova, Beatriz
Cunha, Eva
Sepúlveda, Nuno
Oliveira, Manuela
São Braz, Berta
Tavares, Luis
Almeida, Virgílio
Gil, Solange
author_sort Vila Nova, Beatriz
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and Canine Parvovirus (CPV) lead to infections with high mortality rates in dogs. These viruses affect unvaccinated dogs or dogs with incomplete vaccination protocols. Vaccination plays an important role in reducing death rates, preventing clinical cases and controlling the spread of virus However, the efficacy of vaccination might be affected by different factors including vaccine scheduling and the neutralization of the vaccine targets by maternal antibodies. In face of these factors, the main goals of this study are (i) to investigate the antibody responses of puppies undergoing different primary vaccination protocols against CPV and CDV and (ii) to estimate the time until seroreversion in adult dogs unvaccinated for at least 3 years. RESULTS: Antibody protection against CDV and CPV was evaluated in a total of 20 dogs: 5 puppies that initiated immunization at 6 weeks after birth (group A), 8 animals that started vaccination between 8 and 12 weeks of age (group B), and 7 adult dogs that have not been vaccinated for at least 3 years (group C). Blood samples were collected from each animal, with 3 to 4 weeks apart. Antibody responses were measured using indirect ELISA. In the second immunization point, no significant differences were found between the seroconversion of groups A and B for each viral infection (p = 0.81 and 0.20 for CDV and CPV, respectively). In the third immunization, there was evidence for a shorter time to achieve a protective titer against CPV in group B when compared to group A (p = 0.015). Similar evidence was not found for CDV (p-value = 0.41). In Group C, the average time until seroveversion was estimated at 2.86 years and 7.63 years for CDV and CPV, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vaccine response to CDV and CPV is specific in each individual. Effective immune protection in primary vaccination depends mainly on the initial titer of maternal antibodies acquired by the neonate. Other factors such as environmental exposure, immunization schedules and immune system activity influence the duration of immunity in adult dogs. The variability found reinforces the need to determine individual humoral immunity levels in order to assess vaccine efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-62401902018-11-26 Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study Vila Nova, Beatriz Cunha, Eva Sepúlveda, Nuno Oliveira, Manuela São Braz, Berta Tavares, Luis Almeida, Virgílio Gil, Solange BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and Canine Parvovirus (CPV) lead to infections with high mortality rates in dogs. These viruses affect unvaccinated dogs or dogs with incomplete vaccination protocols. Vaccination plays an important role in reducing death rates, preventing clinical cases and controlling the spread of virus However, the efficacy of vaccination might be affected by different factors including vaccine scheduling and the neutralization of the vaccine targets by maternal antibodies. In face of these factors, the main goals of this study are (i) to investigate the antibody responses of puppies undergoing different primary vaccination protocols against CPV and CDV and (ii) to estimate the time until seroreversion in adult dogs unvaccinated for at least 3 years. RESULTS: Antibody protection against CDV and CPV was evaluated in a total of 20 dogs: 5 puppies that initiated immunization at 6 weeks after birth (group A), 8 animals that started vaccination between 8 and 12 weeks of age (group B), and 7 adult dogs that have not been vaccinated for at least 3 years (group C). Blood samples were collected from each animal, with 3 to 4 weeks apart. Antibody responses were measured using indirect ELISA. In the second immunization point, no significant differences were found between the seroconversion of groups A and B for each viral infection (p = 0.81 and 0.20 for CDV and CPV, respectively). In the third immunization, there was evidence for a shorter time to achieve a protective titer against CPV in group B when compared to group A (p = 0.015). Similar evidence was not found for CDV (p-value = 0.41). In Group C, the average time until seroveversion was estimated at 2.86 years and 7.63 years for CDV and CPV, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vaccine response to CDV and CPV is specific in each individual. Effective immune protection in primary vaccination depends mainly on the initial titer of maternal antibodies acquired by the neonate. Other factors such as environmental exposure, immunization schedules and immune system activity influence the duration of immunity in adult dogs. The variability found reinforces the need to determine individual humoral immunity levels in order to assess vaccine efficacy. BioMed Central 2018-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6240190/ /pubmed/30445957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1673-z Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Vila Nova, Beatriz
Cunha, Eva
Sepúlveda, Nuno
Oliveira, Manuela
São Braz, Berta
Tavares, Luis
Almeida, Virgílio
Gil, Solange
Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title_full Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title_fullStr Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title_short Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
title_sort evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: a pilot study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445957
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1673-z
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