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Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories
While the positive effects of environmental enrichment (EE) applied after weaning, in adulthood, during aging, or even in the presence of brain damage have been widely described, the transgenerational effects of pre-reproductive EE have been less examined. And yet, this issue is remarkable given tha...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240645/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30483072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00254 |
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author | Cutuli, Debora Berretta, Erica Laricchiuta, Daniela Caporali, Paola Gelfo, Francesca Petrosini, Laura |
author_facet | Cutuli, Debora Berretta, Erica Laricchiuta, Daniela Caporali, Paola Gelfo, Francesca Petrosini, Laura |
author_sort | Cutuli, Debora |
collection | PubMed |
description | While the positive effects of environmental enrichment (EE) applied after weaning, in adulthood, during aging, or even in the presence of brain damage have been widely described, the transgenerational effects of pre-reproductive EE have been less examined. And yet, this issue is remarkable given that parental environmental experience may imprint offspring’s phenotype over generations through many epigenetic processes. Interactions between individual and environment take place lifelong even before conception. In fact, the environment pre-reproductively experienced by the mother and/or the father exerts a substantial impact on neural development and motor and cognitive performances of the offspring, even if not directly exposed to social, cognitive, physical and/or motor enrichment. Furthermore, pre-reproductive parental enrichment exerts a transgenerational impact on coping response to stress as well as on the social behavior of the offspring. Among the effects of pre-reproductive parental EE, a potentiation of the maternal care and a decrease in global methylation levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the progeny have been described. Finally, pre-reproductive EE modifies different pathways of neuromodulation in the brain of the offspring (involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor, oxytocin and glucocorticoid receptors). The present review highlights the importance of pre-reproductive parental enrichment in altering the performances not only of animals directly experiencing it, but also of their progeny, thus opening the way to new hypotheses on the inheritance mechanisms of behavioral traits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6240645 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62406452018-11-27 Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories Cutuli, Debora Berretta, Erica Laricchiuta, Daniela Caporali, Paola Gelfo, Francesca Petrosini, Laura Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience While the positive effects of environmental enrichment (EE) applied after weaning, in adulthood, during aging, or even in the presence of brain damage have been widely described, the transgenerational effects of pre-reproductive EE have been less examined. And yet, this issue is remarkable given that parental environmental experience may imprint offspring’s phenotype over generations through many epigenetic processes. Interactions between individual and environment take place lifelong even before conception. In fact, the environment pre-reproductively experienced by the mother and/or the father exerts a substantial impact on neural development and motor and cognitive performances of the offspring, even if not directly exposed to social, cognitive, physical and/or motor enrichment. Furthermore, pre-reproductive parental enrichment exerts a transgenerational impact on coping response to stress as well as on the social behavior of the offspring. Among the effects of pre-reproductive parental EE, a potentiation of the maternal care and a decrease in global methylation levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the progeny have been described. Finally, pre-reproductive EE modifies different pathways of neuromodulation in the brain of the offspring (involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor, oxytocin and glucocorticoid receptors). The present review highlights the importance of pre-reproductive parental enrichment in altering the performances not only of animals directly experiencing it, but also of their progeny, thus opening the way to new hypotheses on the inheritance mechanisms of behavioral traits. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6240645/ /pubmed/30483072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00254 Text en Copyright © 2018 Cutuli, Berretta, Laricchiuta, Caporali, Gelfo and Petrosini. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Behavioral Neuroscience Cutuli, Debora Berretta, Erica Laricchiuta, Daniela Caporali, Paola Gelfo, Francesca Petrosini, Laura Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title | Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title_full | Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title_fullStr | Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title_full_unstemmed | Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title_short | Pre-reproductive Parental Enriching Experiences Influence Progeny’s Developmental Trajectories |
title_sort | pre-reproductive parental enriching experiences influence progeny’s developmental trajectories |
topic | Behavioral Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240645/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30483072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00254 |
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