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Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control

Numerous studies have demonstrated the real-time use of visual, vibrotactile, auditory, and multimodal sensory augmentation technologies for reducing postural sway during static tasks and improving balance during dynamic tasks. The mechanism by which sensory augmentation information is processed and...

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Autores principales: Sienko, Kathleen H., Seidler, Rachael D., Carender, Wendy J., Goodworth, Adam D., Whitney, Susan L., Peterka, Robert J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30483209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00944
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author Sienko, Kathleen H.
Seidler, Rachael D.
Carender, Wendy J.
Goodworth, Adam D.
Whitney, Susan L.
Peterka, Robert J.
author_facet Sienko, Kathleen H.
Seidler, Rachael D.
Carender, Wendy J.
Goodworth, Adam D.
Whitney, Susan L.
Peterka, Robert J.
author_sort Sienko, Kathleen H.
collection PubMed
description Numerous studies have demonstrated the real-time use of visual, vibrotactile, auditory, and multimodal sensory augmentation technologies for reducing postural sway during static tasks and improving balance during dynamic tasks. The mechanism by which sensory augmentation information is processed and used by the CNS is not well understood. The dominant hypothesis, which has not been supported by rigorous experimental evidence, posits that observed reductions in postural sway are due to sensory reweighting: feedback of body motion provides the CNS with a correlate to the inputs from its intact sensory channels (e.g., vision, proprioception), so individuals receiving sensory augmentation learn to increasingly depend on these intact systems. Other possible mechanisms for observed postural sway reductions include: cognition (processing of sensory augmentation information is solely cognitive with no selective adjustment of sensory weights by the CNS), “sixth” sense (CNS interprets sensory augmentation information as a new and distinct sensory channel), context-specific adaptation (new sensorimotor program is developed through repeated interaction with the device and accessible only when the device is used), and combined volitional and non-volitional responses. This critical review summarizes the reported sensory augmentation findings spanning postural control models, clinical rehabilitation, laboratory-based real-time usage, and neuroimaging to critically evaluate each of the aforementioned mechanistic theories. Cognition and sensory re-weighting are identified as two mechanisms supported by the existing literature.
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spelling pubmed-62406742018-11-27 Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control Sienko, Kathleen H. Seidler, Rachael D. Carender, Wendy J. Goodworth, Adam D. Whitney, Susan L. Peterka, Robert J. Front Neurol Neurology Numerous studies have demonstrated the real-time use of visual, vibrotactile, auditory, and multimodal sensory augmentation technologies for reducing postural sway during static tasks and improving balance during dynamic tasks. The mechanism by which sensory augmentation information is processed and used by the CNS is not well understood. The dominant hypothesis, which has not been supported by rigorous experimental evidence, posits that observed reductions in postural sway are due to sensory reweighting: feedback of body motion provides the CNS with a correlate to the inputs from its intact sensory channels (e.g., vision, proprioception), so individuals receiving sensory augmentation learn to increasingly depend on these intact systems. Other possible mechanisms for observed postural sway reductions include: cognition (processing of sensory augmentation information is solely cognitive with no selective adjustment of sensory weights by the CNS), “sixth” sense (CNS interprets sensory augmentation information as a new and distinct sensory channel), context-specific adaptation (new sensorimotor program is developed through repeated interaction with the device and accessible only when the device is used), and combined volitional and non-volitional responses. This critical review summarizes the reported sensory augmentation findings spanning postural control models, clinical rehabilitation, laboratory-based real-time usage, and neuroimaging to critically evaluate each of the aforementioned mechanistic theories. Cognition and sensory re-weighting are identified as two mechanisms supported by the existing literature. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6240674/ /pubmed/30483209 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00944 Text en Copyright © 2018 Sienko, Seidler, Carender, Goodworth, Whitney and Peterka. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Sienko, Kathleen H.
Seidler, Rachael D.
Carender, Wendy J.
Goodworth, Adam D.
Whitney, Susan L.
Peterka, Robert J.
Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title_full Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title_fullStr Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title_full_unstemmed Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title_short Potential Mechanisms of Sensory Augmentation Systems on Human Balance Control
title_sort potential mechanisms of sensory augmentation systems on human balance control
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30483209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00944
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