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The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from indolent and asymptomatic cytopenias to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS result from genetic and epigenetic derangements in clonal cell...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chokr, Nora, Patel, Rima, Wattamwar, Kapil, Chokr, Samer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2458679
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author Chokr, Nora
Patel, Rima
Wattamwar, Kapil
Chokr, Samer
author_facet Chokr, Nora
Patel, Rima
Wattamwar, Kapil
Chokr, Samer
author_sort Chokr, Nora
collection PubMed
description Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from indolent and asymptomatic cytopenias to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS result from genetic and epigenetic derangements in clonal cells and their surrounding microenvironments. Studies have shown associations between MDS and other autoimmune diseases. Several immune mechanisms have been identified in MDS, suggesting that immune dysregulation might be at least partially implicated in its pathogenesis. This has led to rigorous investigations on the role of immunomodulatory drugs as potential treatment options. Epigenetic modification via immune check point inhibition, while well established as a treatment method for advanced solid tumors, is a new approach being considered in hematologic malignancies including high risk MDS. Several trials are looking at the efficacy of these agents in MDS, as frontline therapy and in relapse, both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. In this review, we explore the utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors in MDS and current research evaluating their efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-62413402018-12-05 The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Chokr, Nora Patel, Rima Wattamwar, Kapil Chokr, Samer Adv Hematol Review Article Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from indolent and asymptomatic cytopenias to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS result from genetic and epigenetic derangements in clonal cells and their surrounding microenvironments. Studies have shown associations between MDS and other autoimmune diseases. Several immune mechanisms have been identified in MDS, suggesting that immune dysregulation might be at least partially implicated in its pathogenesis. This has led to rigorous investigations on the role of immunomodulatory drugs as potential treatment options. Epigenetic modification via immune check point inhibition, while well established as a treatment method for advanced solid tumors, is a new approach being considered in hematologic malignancies including high risk MDS. Several trials are looking at the efficacy of these agents in MDS, as frontline therapy and in relapse, both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. In this review, we explore the utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors in MDS and current research evaluating their efficacy. Hindawi 2018-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6241340/ /pubmed/30519261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2458679 Text en Copyright © 2018 Nora Chokr et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chokr, Nora
Patel, Rima
Wattamwar, Kapil
Chokr, Samer
The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title_full The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title_fullStr The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title_full_unstemmed The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title_short The Rising Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
title_sort rising era of immune checkpoint inhibitors in myelodysplastic syndromes
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2458679
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