Appearance of CNS histoplasmosis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT with MRI correlation

Disseminated histoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection encountered in immunocompromised patients such as those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) can occur in 5–20% of cases of disseminated histoplasmosis, and CNS histoplasmosis can be very difficult to diagnose via conventional imaging modalities such as CT or MRI. The role of (18)F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT scan in the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis has not been established. A 66-year-old female presented with dizziness and unsteady gait and was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CNS histoplasmosis. In this report, we present the MRI and (18)F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT image findings.