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Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches

Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are an emerging class in several biomedical fields such as tissue regeneration, particularly for cartilage, drug delivery devices and gel-entrapment systems for the immobilization of cells. Important properties of the polysaccharides include controllable biological...

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Autores principales: Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna, Malinconico, Mario, Laurienzo, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6245343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13092069
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author Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna
Malinconico, Mario
Laurienzo, Paola
author_facet Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna
Malinconico, Mario
Laurienzo, Paola
author_sort Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna
collection PubMed
description Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are an emerging class in several biomedical fields such as tissue regeneration, particularly for cartilage, drug delivery devices and gel-entrapment systems for the immobilization of cells. Important properties of the polysaccharides include controllable biological activity, biodegradability, and their ability to form hydrogels. Most of the polysaccharides used derive from natural sources; particularly, alginate and chitin, two polysaccharides which have an extensive history of use in medicine, pharmacy and basic sciences, and can be easily extracted from marine plants (algae kelp) and crab shells, respectively. The recent rediscovery of poly-saccharide-based materials is also attributable to new synthetic routes for their chemical modification, with the aim of promoting new biological activities and/or to modify the final properties of the biomaterials for specific purposes. These synthetic strategies also involve the combination of polysaccharides with other polymers. A review of the more recent research in the field of chemical modification of alginate, chitin and its derivative chitosan is presented. Moreover, we report as case studies the results of our recent work concerning various different approaches and applications of polysaccharide-based biomaterials, such as the realization of novel composites based on calcium sulphate blended with alginate and with a chemically modified chitosan, the synthesis of novel alginate-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers and the development of a family of materials based on alginate and acrylic polymers of potential interest as drug delivery systems.
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spelling pubmed-62453432018-11-30 Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna Malinconico, Mario Laurienzo, Paola Molecules Review Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are an emerging class in several biomedical fields such as tissue regeneration, particularly for cartilage, drug delivery devices and gel-entrapment systems for the immobilization of cells. Important properties of the polysaccharides include controllable biological activity, biodegradability, and their ability to form hydrogels. Most of the polysaccharides used derive from natural sources; particularly, alginate and chitin, two polysaccharides which have an extensive history of use in medicine, pharmacy and basic sciences, and can be easily extracted from marine plants (algae kelp) and crab shells, respectively. The recent rediscovery of poly-saccharide-based materials is also attributable to new synthetic routes for their chemical modification, with the aim of promoting new biological activities and/or to modify the final properties of the biomaterials for specific purposes. These synthetic strategies also involve the combination of polysaccharides with other polymers. A review of the more recent research in the field of chemical modification of alginate, chitin and its derivative chitosan is presented. Moreover, we report as case studies the results of our recent work concerning various different approaches and applications of polysaccharide-based biomaterials, such as the realization of novel composites based on calcium sulphate blended with alginate and with a chemically modified chitosan, the synthesis of novel alginate-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers and the development of a family of materials based on alginate and acrylic polymers of potential interest as drug delivery systems. MDPI 2008-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6245343/ /pubmed/18830142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13092069 Text en © 2008 by the authors. Licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanna
Malinconico, Mario
Laurienzo, Paola
Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title_full Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title_fullStr Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title_short Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
title_sort marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical applications: chemical modification approaches
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6245343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13092069
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