Clinical presentations, management outcomes, and diagnostic dilemma in Kocuria endophthalmitis

AIM: To describe the clinical presentations and management outcomes of Kocuria endophthalmitis and discuss diagnostic dilemmas DESIGN: Retrospective interventional comparative case series INTERVENTION: Eight unilateral cases with culture-proven Kocuria endophthalmitis from January 2013 to December 2017 underwent vitrectomy/vitreous biopsy and intravitreal antibiotic with or without additional procedures. The undiluted vitreous was subjected to microbiologic evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean age at presentation, etiology, number of interventions, interval between inciting event and presentation, type of intravitreal antibiotic used, and anatomic and functional outcomes were reported. A favorable anatomic outcome was defined as preservation of the globe, absence of hypotony, attached retina, and absence of active inflammation at the last visit. RESULTS: In the current series, there were five males and three females. The mean age at presentation was 31 ± 17.44 years (median 30 years). The inciting event was open globe injury in five cases and one case each following cataract surgery, microbial keratitis, and endogenous cause. Visual acuity was ≥ 20/400 in one case at presentation and ≥ 20/400 in three cases at the last visit. The species identified by Vitek 2, included Kocuria kristinae in three, K. rosea in four and K. varians in one. Follow-up period was 8.25 ± 8.24 months (median 6.5). Six cases (75%) had complete resolution of infection and inflammation at the last visit. Anatomic success was achieved in 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Kocuria is a relatively rare cause of endophthalmitis often misdiagnosed as Staphylococcal endophthalmitis. Clinical presentation can be variable but favorable antibiotic susceptibility and appropriate timely management can result in acceptable visual and anatomic outcomes.