Tumor‐driven like macrophages induced by conditioned media from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma promote tumor metastasis via secreting IL‐8

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant population of inflammatory cells which play an essential role in remodeling tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Previously, we found the high density of TAMs was correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between TAMs and PDAC. THP‐1 monocytes were the exposure to conditioned media (CM) produced by PDAC cells; then, monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation were assessed. CM from PDAC attracted and polarized THP‐1 monocytes to tumor‐driven like macrophages. mRNA expression cytokine profiling and ELISA identified the IL‐8 secretion was increasing in tumor‐driven like macrophages, and STAT3 pathway was involved. Addition of exogenous recombinant human IL‐8 promoted PDAC cells motility in vitro and metastasis in vivo via upregulating Twist expression, which mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. What is more, IL‐8 expression level in tumor stroma by immunohistochemical analysis was related to lymph node metastasis, the number of tumor CD68 but not CD163 positive macrophages and patient outcome. Taken together, these findings shed light on the important interplay between cancer cells and TAMs in tumor microenvironment and suggested that IL‐8 signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.