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Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions

In aquatic environments, phytoplankton represent a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Many phytoplankton taxa also produce extracellular ROS under optimal growth conditions in culture. However, the physiological purpose of extracellular ROS produc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Diaz, Julia M, Plummer, Sydney
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6247811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30487658
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fby039
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author Diaz, Julia M
Plummer, Sydney
author_facet Diaz, Julia M
Plummer, Sydney
author_sort Diaz, Julia M
collection PubMed
description In aquatic environments, phytoplankton represent a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Many phytoplankton taxa also produce extracellular ROS under optimal growth conditions in culture. However, the physiological purpose of extracellular ROS production by phytoplankton and its wider significance to ecosystem-scale trophic interactions and biogeochemistry remain unclear. Here, we review the rates, taxonomic diversity, subcellular mechanisms and functions of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by phytoplankton with a view towards future research directions. Model eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at cell-normalized rates that span several orders of magnitude, both within and between taxa. The potential ecophysiological roles of extracellular ROS production are versatile and appear to be shared among diverse phytoplankton species, including ichthyotoxicity, allelopathy, growth promotion, and iron acquisition. Whereas extracellular hydrogen peroxide likely arises from a combination of intracellular and cell surface production mechanisms, extracellular superoxide is predominantly generated by specialized systems for transplasma membrane electron transport. Future insights into the molecular-level basis of extracellular ROS production, combined with existing high-sensitivity geochemical techniques for the direct quantification of ROS dynamics, will help unveil the ecophysiological and biogeochemical significance of phytoplankton-derived ROS in natural aquatic systems.
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spelling pubmed-62478112018-11-28 Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions Diaz, Julia M Plummer, Sydney J Plankton Res Review Article In aquatic environments, phytoplankton represent a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Many phytoplankton taxa also produce extracellular ROS under optimal growth conditions in culture. However, the physiological purpose of extracellular ROS production by phytoplankton and its wider significance to ecosystem-scale trophic interactions and biogeochemistry remain unclear. Here, we review the rates, taxonomic diversity, subcellular mechanisms and functions of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by phytoplankton with a view towards future research directions. Model eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at cell-normalized rates that span several orders of magnitude, both within and between taxa. The potential ecophysiological roles of extracellular ROS production are versatile and appear to be shared among diverse phytoplankton species, including ichthyotoxicity, allelopathy, growth promotion, and iron acquisition. Whereas extracellular hydrogen peroxide likely arises from a combination of intracellular and cell surface production mechanisms, extracellular superoxide is predominantly generated by specialized systems for transplasma membrane electron transport. Future insights into the molecular-level basis of extracellular ROS production, combined with existing high-sensitivity geochemical techniques for the direct quantification of ROS dynamics, will help unveil the ecophysiological and biogeochemical significance of phytoplankton-derived ROS in natural aquatic systems. Oxford University Press 2018-11 2018-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6247811/ /pubmed/30487658 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fby039 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Diaz, Julia M
Plummer, Sydney
Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title_full Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title_fullStr Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title_full_unstemmed Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title_short Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
title_sort production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6247811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30487658
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fby039
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