Cargando…

Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders

Mental disorders account for around one-third of disability worldwide and cause enormous personal and societal burden. Current pharmacotherapies and nonpharmacotherapies do help many patients, but there are still high rates of partial or no response, delayed effect, and unfavorable adverse effects....

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Menke, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30510440
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S146110
_version_ 1783372890178060288
author Menke, Andreas
author_facet Menke, Andreas
author_sort Menke, Andreas
collection PubMed
description Mental disorders account for around one-third of disability worldwide and cause enormous personal and societal burden. Current pharmacotherapies and nonpharmacotherapies do help many patients, but there are still high rates of partial or no response, delayed effect, and unfavorable adverse effects. The current diagnostic taxonomy of mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases relies on presenting signs and symptoms, but does not reflect evidence from neurobiological and behavioral systems. However, in the last decades, the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying mental disorders has grown and can be used for the development of precision medicine, that is, to deliver a patient-tailored individual treatment. Precision medicine may incorporate genetic variants contributing to the mental disorder and the response to pharmacotherapies, but also consider gene ¥ environment interactions, blood-based markers, neuropsychological tests, data from electronic health records, early life adversity, stressful life events, and very proximal factors such as lifestyle, nutrition, and sport. Methods such as artificial intelligence and the underlying machine learning and deep learning approaches provide the framework to stratify patients, initiate specific tailored treatments and thus increase response rates, reduce adverse effects and medical errors. In conclusion, precision medicine uses measurable health parameters to identify individuals at risk of a mental disorder, to improve the diagnostic process and to deliver a patient-tailored treatment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6250105
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Dove Medical Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-62501052018-12-03 Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders Menke, Andreas Pharmgenomics Pers Med Review Mental disorders account for around one-third of disability worldwide and cause enormous personal and societal burden. Current pharmacotherapies and nonpharmacotherapies do help many patients, but there are still high rates of partial or no response, delayed effect, and unfavorable adverse effects. The current diagnostic taxonomy of mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases relies on presenting signs and symptoms, but does not reflect evidence from neurobiological and behavioral systems. However, in the last decades, the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying mental disorders has grown and can be used for the development of precision medicine, that is, to deliver a patient-tailored individual treatment. Precision medicine may incorporate genetic variants contributing to the mental disorder and the response to pharmacotherapies, but also consider gene ¥ environment interactions, blood-based markers, neuropsychological tests, data from electronic health records, early life adversity, stressful life events, and very proximal factors such as lifestyle, nutrition, and sport. Methods such as artificial intelligence and the underlying machine learning and deep learning approaches provide the framework to stratify patients, initiate specific tailored treatments and thus increase response rates, reduce adverse effects and medical errors. In conclusion, precision medicine uses measurable health parameters to identify individuals at risk of a mental disorder, to improve the diagnostic process and to deliver a patient-tailored treatment. Dove Medical Press 2018-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6250105/ /pubmed/30510440 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S146110 Text en © 2018 Menke. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Menke, Andreas
Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title_full Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title_fullStr Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title_full_unstemmed Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title_short Precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
title_sort precision pharmacotherapy: psychiatry’s future direction in preventing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30510440
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S146110
work_keys_str_mv AT menkeandreas precisionpharmacotherapypsychiatrysfuturedirectioninpreventingdiagnosingandtreatingmentaldisorders