Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a fetus with ultrasonic multiple malformations, 4q duplication, and 7q deletion: A case report and literature review

RATIONALE: Chromosome deletion/duplication has been reported to be associated with mental disability and dysmorphism according to the accumulated research evidence. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 25-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis at 18 weeks of gestation due to the increased Down syndrome risk of 1/13. DIAGNOSES: The fetal chromosomal analysis revealed a seemingly “normal” chromosomal karyotype, but the SNP array results showed a partial duplication of chromosome 4q34.1q35.2 and a deletion of chromosome 7q34q36.3fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the couple had normal chromosome 4 and 7, whereas there was a partial signal fragment of chromosome 4 attached on the long arm of chromosome 7 for the fetus. INTERVENTIONS: The couple finally chose to terminate the pregnancy based on the ultrasonic multiple malformations and the abnormal SNP array results. OUTCOMES: The duplicated/deleted segments of the fetus were de novo. Meanwhile, we consider SHH and XRCC2 as good candidate genes, which may, in part, explain the observed abnormalities for the fetus. LESSONS: The combination of SNP array and FISH analysis can give a molecular chromosomal diagnosis, which will offer more clear cytogenetic diagnosis and genetic counseling.