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SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review
SO(2) is widely recognized as an air pollutant and is a known cause of acid rain. At a sufficiently high level, it also causes respiratory diseases. A much lesser known side of SO(2) is its endogenous nature and possible physiological roles. There is mounting evidence that SO(2) is produced during n...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30505833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00559 |
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author | Wang, Wenyi Wang, Binghe |
author_facet | Wang, Wenyi Wang, Binghe |
author_sort | Wang, Wenyi |
collection | PubMed |
description | SO(2) is widely recognized as an air pollutant and is a known cause of acid rain. At a sufficiently high level, it also causes respiratory diseases. A much lesser known side of SO(2) is its endogenous nature and possible physiological roles. There is mounting evidence that SO(2) is produced during normal cellular metabolism and may possibly function as a signaling molecule in normal physiology. The latter aspect is still at the stage of being carefully examined as to the validity of classifying SO(2) as a gasotransmitter with endogenous signaling roles. One difficulty in studying the biological and pharmacological roles of SO(2) is the lack of adequate tools for its controllable and precise delivery. Traditional methods of using SO(2) gas or mixed sulfite salts do not meet research need for several reasons. Therefore, there has been increasing attention on the need of developing SO(2) donors or prodrugs that can be used as tools for the elucidation of SO(2)'s physiological roles, pharmacological effects, and possible mechanism(s) of action. In this review, we aim to review basic sulfur chemistry in the context of sulfur signaling and various chemical strategies used for designing SO(2) donors. We will also discuss potential pharmacological applications of SO(2) donors, lay out desirable features for such donors and possibly prodrugs, analyze existing problems, and give our thoughts on research needs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6250732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62507322018-11-30 SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review Wang, Wenyi Wang, Binghe Front Chem Chemistry SO(2) is widely recognized as an air pollutant and is a known cause of acid rain. At a sufficiently high level, it also causes respiratory diseases. A much lesser known side of SO(2) is its endogenous nature and possible physiological roles. There is mounting evidence that SO(2) is produced during normal cellular metabolism and may possibly function as a signaling molecule in normal physiology. The latter aspect is still at the stage of being carefully examined as to the validity of classifying SO(2) as a gasotransmitter with endogenous signaling roles. One difficulty in studying the biological and pharmacological roles of SO(2) is the lack of adequate tools for its controllable and precise delivery. Traditional methods of using SO(2) gas or mixed sulfite salts do not meet research need for several reasons. Therefore, there has been increasing attention on the need of developing SO(2) donors or prodrugs that can be used as tools for the elucidation of SO(2)'s physiological roles, pharmacological effects, and possible mechanism(s) of action. In this review, we aim to review basic sulfur chemistry in the context of sulfur signaling and various chemical strategies used for designing SO(2) donors. We will also discuss potential pharmacological applications of SO(2) donors, lay out desirable features for such donors and possibly prodrugs, analyze existing problems, and give our thoughts on research needs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6250732/ /pubmed/30505833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00559 Text en Copyright © 2018 Wang and Wang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Wang, Wenyi Wang, Binghe SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title | SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title_full | SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title_fullStr | SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title_short | SO(2) Donors and Prodrugs, and Their Possible Applications: A Review |
title_sort | so(2) donors and prodrugs, and their possible applications: a review |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30505833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00559 |
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