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Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options

As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which subsequently promotes a cas-cade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss. Many mechanisms are involved solely or in combination in this disorder including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial death pathways, an...

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Autores principales: Şekerdağ, Emine, Solaroğlu, Ihsan, Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512465
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180302115544
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author Şekerdağ, Emine
Solaroğlu, Ihsan
Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin
author_facet Şekerdağ, Emine
Solaroğlu, Ihsan
Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin
author_sort Şekerdağ, Emine
collection PubMed
description As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which subsequently promotes a cas-cade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss. Many mechanisms are involved solely or in combination in this disorder including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial death pathways, and the release of free radicals, protein misfolding, apopto-sis, necrosis, autophagy and inflammation. Besides neuronal cell loss, damage to and loss of astrocytes as well as injury to white matter contributes also to cerebral injury. The core problem in stroke is the loss of neuronal cells which makes recov-ery difficult or even not possible in the late states. Acute treatment options that can be applied for stroke are mainly targeting re-establishment of blood flow and hence, their use is limited due to the effective time window of thrombolytic agents. How-ever, if the acute time window is exceeded, neuronal loss starts due to the activation of cell death pathways. This review will explore the most updated cellular death mechanisms leading to neuronal loss in stroke. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage will be debated in the light of cell death mechanisms and possible novel molecular and cel-lular treatment options will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-62510492019-05-01 Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options Şekerdağ, Emine Solaroğlu, Ihsan Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin Curr Neuropharmacol Article As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which subsequently promotes a cas-cade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss. Many mechanisms are involved solely or in combination in this disorder including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial death pathways, and the release of free radicals, protein misfolding, apopto-sis, necrosis, autophagy and inflammation. Besides neuronal cell loss, damage to and loss of astrocytes as well as injury to white matter contributes also to cerebral injury. The core problem in stroke is the loss of neuronal cells which makes recov-ery difficult or even not possible in the late states. Acute treatment options that can be applied for stroke are mainly targeting re-establishment of blood flow and hence, their use is limited due to the effective time window of thrombolytic agents. How-ever, if the acute time window is exceeded, neuronal loss starts due to the activation of cell death pathways. This review will explore the most updated cellular death mechanisms leading to neuronal loss in stroke. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage will be debated in the light of cell death mechanisms and possible novel molecular and cel-lular treatment options will be discussed. Bentham Science Publishers 2018-11 2018-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6251049/ /pubmed/29512465 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180302115544 Text en © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Şekerdağ, Emine
Solaroğlu, Ihsan
Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin
Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title_full Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title_fullStr Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title_full_unstemmed Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title_short Cell Death Mechanisms in Stroke and Novel Molecular and Cellular Treatment Options
title_sort cell death mechanisms in stroke and novel molecular and cellular treatment options
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29512465
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180302115544
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