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Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease

Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common forms of dementia that have different clinical profiles but are both commonly associated with attentional deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate efficiency of different attentional systems in LBD and AD and its association...

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Autores principales: Cromarty, Ruth A., Schumacher, Julia, Graziadio, Sara, Gallagher, Peter, Killen, Alison, Firbank, Michael J., Blamire, Andrew, Kaiser, Marcus, Thomas, Alan J., O’Brien, John T., Peraza, Luis R., Taylor, John-Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00347
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author Cromarty, Ruth A.
Schumacher, Julia
Graziadio, Sara
Gallagher, Peter
Killen, Alison
Firbank, Michael J.
Blamire, Andrew
Kaiser, Marcus
Thomas, Alan J.
O’Brien, John T.
Peraza, Luis R.
Taylor, John-Paul
author_facet Cromarty, Ruth A.
Schumacher, Julia
Graziadio, Sara
Gallagher, Peter
Killen, Alison
Firbank, Michael J.
Blamire, Andrew
Kaiser, Marcus
Thomas, Alan J.
O’Brien, John T.
Peraza, Luis R.
Taylor, John-Paul
author_sort Cromarty, Ruth A.
collection PubMed
description Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common forms of dementia that have different clinical profiles but are both commonly associated with attentional deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate efficiency of different attentional systems in LBD and AD and its association with brain structural abnormalities. We studied reaction time (RT) data from 45 LBD, 31 AD patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess the efficiency of three different attentional systems: alerting, orienting and executive conflict. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate relations between different attention components and cortical volume. Both dementia groups showed slower overall RTs than controls, with additional slowing in LBD relative to AD. There was a significant alerting effect in controls which was absent in the dementia groups, the executive conflict effect was greater in both dementia groups compared to controls, but the orienting effect did not differ between groups. Mean RT in AD was negatively correlated with occipital gray matter (GM) volume and in LBD orienting efficiency was negatively related to occipital white matter (WM) volume. Given that previous studies in less impaired patients suggest a maintenance of the alerting effect, the absent alerting effect in our study suggests a loss of alerting efficiency with dementia progression. While orienting was largely preserved, it might be related to occipital structural abnormalities in LBD. Executive function was markedly impaired in both dementia groups, however, the absence of relations to brain volume suggests that it might be more related to functional rather than macrostructural pathophysiological changes.
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spelling pubmed-62513432018-12-05 Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease Cromarty, Ruth A. Schumacher, Julia Graziadio, Sara Gallagher, Peter Killen, Alison Firbank, Michael J. Blamire, Andrew Kaiser, Marcus Thomas, Alan J. O’Brien, John T. Peraza, Luis R. Taylor, John-Paul Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common forms of dementia that have different clinical profiles but are both commonly associated with attentional deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate efficiency of different attentional systems in LBD and AD and its association with brain structural abnormalities. We studied reaction time (RT) data from 45 LBD, 31 AD patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess the efficiency of three different attentional systems: alerting, orienting and executive conflict. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate relations between different attention components and cortical volume. Both dementia groups showed slower overall RTs than controls, with additional slowing in LBD relative to AD. There was a significant alerting effect in controls which was absent in the dementia groups, the executive conflict effect was greater in both dementia groups compared to controls, but the orienting effect did not differ between groups. Mean RT in AD was negatively correlated with occipital gray matter (GM) volume and in LBD orienting efficiency was negatively related to occipital white matter (WM) volume. Given that previous studies in less impaired patients suggest a maintenance of the alerting effect, the absent alerting effect in our study suggests a loss of alerting efficiency with dementia progression. While orienting was largely preserved, it might be related to occipital structural abnormalities in LBD. Executive function was markedly impaired in both dementia groups, however, the absence of relations to brain volume suggests that it might be more related to functional rather than macrostructural pathophysiological changes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6251343/ /pubmed/30519184 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00347 Text en Copyright © 2018 Cromarty, Schumacher, Graziadio, Gallagher, Killen, Firbank, Blamire, Kaiser, Thomas, O’Brien, Peraza and Taylor. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Cromarty, Ruth A.
Schumacher, Julia
Graziadio, Sara
Gallagher, Peter
Killen, Alison
Firbank, Michael J.
Blamire, Andrew
Kaiser, Marcus
Thomas, Alan J.
O’Brien, John T.
Peraza, Luis R.
Taylor, John-Paul
Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort structural brain correlates of attention dysfunction in lewy body dementias and alzheimer’s disease
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00347
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