2350. Parainfluenza Virus Infection Factors: 18 Years’ Active Surveillance in a Pediatric Hospital

BACKGROUND: Paranfluenza virus (PIV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), hospitalization and mortality in children. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical-epidemiologic pattern and infection factors associated with PIV. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional study of patients admitted for ALRI 2000–2017, diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza or parainfluenza by fluorescent antibody (FA) or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal aspirates. RESULTS: From a total of 15,451 patients included, 13,033 were tested and 45%(5831) had positive samples; RSV was predominant (81.3%,4738) all through the study period, followed by IF: 7.6% (440), PIF 6.9% (402) and AV: 4.3%(251). PIV followed a seasonal epidemic pattern predominantly during spring months (September– October). The median age of cases was 8 months (IQR: 4–13 months); 54% of cases were males. The most frequent clinical presentation was bronchiolitis (61%); 53% had previous admissions for respiratory causes, 9% were readmissions. Comorbidity was found in 59.4%: recurrent respiratory disease (47.8%), congenital heart disease (5.7%), chronic neurological disease (6.5%); 8.5% were malnourished, 23% born preterm and 3.3% immunosuppressed; 23.5% had complications, 10.6% hospital-acquired infections. Lethality was 3.5% (14/396). The following were independent predictors for PIF infection: recurrent respiratory disease odds ratio (OR): 1.65 (95% CI: 1.32–2.08); P < 0.001; readmissions, OR 1.95 (95% CI: 1.34–2.83); P < 0.001; born preterm, OR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.19–2.10); P = 0.001. CONCLUSION: Parainfluenza infection showed an epidemic seasonal pattern (September-October), with higher risk in children with recurrent respiratory disease, prematurity and previous admissions for respiratory causes. DISCLOSURES: A. Gentile, Sanofi Pasteur: Consultant, Speaker honorarium.