High Expression of CCDC34 Is Associated with Poor Survival in Cervical Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND: The present study explored the expression of coiled-coil domain-containing 34 (CCDC34) in cervical cancer (CC) and its prognostic value. MATERIAL/METHODS: GEPIA and Oncomine cancer databases were mined to predict the CCDC34 differential expression level between a CC group and a normal group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the CCDC34 expression in 67 CC and corresponding adjacent tissues. CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were stained to reflect tumor angiogenesis in 67 CC tissues. Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox multivariate survival analysis were done to evaluate the correlation between CCDC34 expression and prognosis of CC patients. RESULTS: Both GEPIA and Oncomine cancer databases mining results revealed that CCDC34 was more highly expressed in the CC group than in the normal group (all P<0.05). Our immunochemical staining data showed that CCDC34 expression was dramatically higher in CC than in adjacent normal tissues (71.6 vs. 20.9%; P<0.001). High expression of CCDC34 was strongly associated with histological grade (P=0.022), lymph node metastasis (P=0.044), and FIGO stage (P=0.002). Furthermore, patients with CCDC34-positive expression had much more MVD than those with CCDC34-negative expression (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CCDC34-positive expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P=0.004) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.005). Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that CCDC34 was an independent unfavorable prognostic parameter of DFS and OS (P=0.040 and 0.039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High expression of CCDC34 is an independent unfavorable prognostic parameter for OS and DFS of CC patients, which was strongly associated with tumor angiogenesis.