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Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx
It is widely accepted that salt intake reduction and regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meanwhile, there is evidence that the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is related to CVD. However, how such a healthy lifestyle helps to prevent CVD via th...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6258807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519195 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01667 |
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author | Jiang, Xi Zhuo Luo, Kai H. Ventikos, Yiannis |
author_facet | Jiang, Xi Zhuo Luo, Kai H. Ventikos, Yiannis |
author_sort | Jiang, Xi Zhuo |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is widely accepted that salt intake reduction and regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meanwhile, there is evidence that the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is related to CVD. However, how such a healthy lifestyle helps to prevent CVD via the function of the EGL has not been scientifically established. In this research, a series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to study ion transport inside the EGL under varying flow velocities. Results show that a fast blood flow velocity favors the Na(+) transport out of the EGL, which can explain the increase in the thickness of an exclusion layer between red blood cells and the EGL under fast blood flow situations, as witnessed in some previous experiments. Based on findings from this fundamental research, a theory is proposed, which can answer the open-ended question “Why do we need to reduce salt intake and exercise regularly”. The findings may also have implications for other therapies to combat cardiovascular diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6258807 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62588072018-12-05 Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx Jiang, Xi Zhuo Luo, Kai H. Ventikos, Yiannis Front Physiol Physiology It is widely accepted that salt intake reduction and regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meanwhile, there is evidence that the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is related to CVD. However, how such a healthy lifestyle helps to prevent CVD via the function of the EGL has not been scientifically established. In this research, a series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to study ion transport inside the EGL under varying flow velocities. Results show that a fast blood flow velocity favors the Na(+) transport out of the EGL, which can explain the increase in the thickness of an exclusion layer between red blood cells and the EGL under fast blood flow situations, as witnessed in some previous experiments. Based on findings from this fundamental research, a theory is proposed, which can answer the open-ended question “Why do we need to reduce salt intake and exercise regularly”. The findings may also have implications for other therapies to combat cardiovascular diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6258807/ /pubmed/30519195 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01667 Text en Copyright © 2018 Jiang, Luo and Ventikos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Jiang, Xi Zhuo Luo, Kai H. Ventikos, Yiannis Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title | Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title_full | Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title_fullStr | Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title_full_unstemmed | Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title_short | Reducing Salt Intake and Exercising Regularly: Implications From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Endothelial Glycocalyx |
title_sort | reducing salt intake and exercising regularly: implications from molecular dynamics simulations of endothelial glycocalyx |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6258807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519195 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01667 |
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