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Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015
BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for starting and stopping mass antibiotic distributions are based on a clinical sign of trachoma, which is indirectly related to actual infection with the causative agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. METHODS: This study aimed to understand the e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29741592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy377 |
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author | Nash, Scott D Stewart, Aisha E P Zerihun, Mulat Sata, Eshetu Gessese, Demelash Melak, Berhanu Endeshaw, Tekola Chanyalew, Melsew Chernet, Ambahun Bayissasse, Belay Moncada, Jeanne Lietman, Thomas M Emerson, Paul M King, Jonathan D Tadesse, Zerihun Callahan, E Kelly |
author_facet | Nash, Scott D Stewart, Aisha E P Zerihun, Mulat Sata, Eshetu Gessese, Demelash Melak, Berhanu Endeshaw, Tekola Chanyalew, Melsew Chernet, Ambahun Bayissasse, Belay Moncada, Jeanne Lietman, Thomas M Emerson, Paul M King, Jonathan D Tadesse, Zerihun Callahan, E Kelly |
author_sort | Nash, Scott D |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for starting and stopping mass antibiotic distributions are based on a clinical sign of trachoma, which is indirectly related to actual infection with the causative agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. METHODS: This study aimed to understand the effect of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) interventions on ocular chlamydia in Amhara, Ethiopia, by describing the infection prevalence in a population-based sample of children aged 1–5 years. Trachoma surveys were conducted in all districts of Amhara, from 2011 to 2015 following approximately 5 years of SAFE. Ocular swabs were collected from randomly selected children to estimate the zonal prevalence of chlamydial infection. The Abbott RealTime polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect C. trachomatis DNA. RESULTS: A total of 15632 samples were collected across 10 zones of Amhara. The prevalence of chlamydial infection in children aged 1–5 years was 5.7% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%–7.3%; zonal range, 1.0%–18.5%). Chlamydial infection and trachomatous inflammation–intense (TI) among children aged 1–9 years were highly correlated at the zonal level (Spearman correlation [r] = 0.93; P < .001), while chlamydial infection and trachomatous inflammation–follicular were moderately correlated (r = 0.57; P = .084). CONCLUSIONS: After 5 years of SAFE, there is appreciable chlamydial infection in children aged 1–5 years, indicating that transmission has not been interrupted and that interventions should continue. The sign TI was highly correlated with chlamydial infection and can be used as a proxy indicator of infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6260158 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62601582018-12-04 Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 Nash, Scott D Stewart, Aisha E P Zerihun, Mulat Sata, Eshetu Gessese, Demelash Melak, Berhanu Endeshaw, Tekola Chanyalew, Melsew Chernet, Ambahun Bayissasse, Belay Moncada, Jeanne Lietman, Thomas M Emerson, Paul M King, Jonathan D Tadesse, Zerihun Callahan, E Kelly Clin Infect Dis Articles and Commentaries BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for starting and stopping mass antibiotic distributions are based on a clinical sign of trachoma, which is indirectly related to actual infection with the causative agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. METHODS: This study aimed to understand the effect of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) interventions on ocular chlamydia in Amhara, Ethiopia, by describing the infection prevalence in a population-based sample of children aged 1–5 years. Trachoma surveys were conducted in all districts of Amhara, from 2011 to 2015 following approximately 5 years of SAFE. Ocular swabs were collected from randomly selected children to estimate the zonal prevalence of chlamydial infection. The Abbott RealTime polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect C. trachomatis DNA. RESULTS: A total of 15632 samples were collected across 10 zones of Amhara. The prevalence of chlamydial infection in children aged 1–5 years was 5.7% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%–7.3%; zonal range, 1.0%–18.5%). Chlamydial infection and trachomatous inflammation–intense (TI) among children aged 1–9 years were highly correlated at the zonal level (Spearman correlation [r] = 0.93; P < .001), while chlamydial infection and trachomatous inflammation–follicular were moderately correlated (r = 0.57; P = .084). CONCLUSIONS: After 5 years of SAFE, there is appreciable chlamydial infection in children aged 1–5 years, indicating that transmission has not been interrupted and that interventions should continue. The sign TI was highly correlated with chlamydial infection and can be used as a proxy indicator of infection. Oxford University Press 2018-12-15 2018-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6260158/ /pubmed/29741592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy377 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Articles and Commentaries Nash, Scott D Stewart, Aisha E P Zerihun, Mulat Sata, Eshetu Gessese, Demelash Melak, Berhanu Endeshaw, Tekola Chanyalew, Melsew Chernet, Ambahun Bayissasse, Belay Moncada, Jeanne Lietman, Thomas M Emerson, Paul M King, Jonathan D Tadesse, Zerihun Callahan, E Kelly Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title | Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title_full | Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title_fullStr | Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title_full_unstemmed | Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title_short | Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Under the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness, and Environmental Improvement Strategy in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
title_sort | ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection under the surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement strategy in amhara, ethiopia, 2011–2015 |
topic | Articles and Commentaries |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29741592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy377 |
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