Association of Tramadol and Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Asians

To evaluate the association between tramadol and hypoglycemia in diabetic Asians. The data adopted in this study were derived from a subset of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database, which comprises data on one million randomly sampled beneficiaries enrolled in the NHI program. Patients diagnosed with diabetes (according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 250) were identified from claims data between 1998 and 2011. Diabetic patients aged 20 years or older and prescribed tramadol constituted the tramadol group and other diabetic patients without tramadol use constituted the non-tramadol group. For each tramadol case, one non-tramadol control frequency matched according to age (every 5 years), sex and the year of tramadol use was identified. The tramadol group comprised 12,446 patients and non-tramadol group comprised 11,982 patients. During a mean follow-up of 2 years for the patients in the tramadol group and 2.79 years for those in the non-tramadol group, the overall incidences of hypoglycemia (per 1000 person-years) were 7.37 and 3.77, respectively. According to the multivariable analyses, after baseline characteristics were controlled, the tramadol group exhibited a significantly greater risk of hypoglycemia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.71) compared with the non-tramadol group. Tramadol use increases hypoglycemia in diabetic Asians. Greater attention must be paid to diabetic Asians with tramadol use.