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Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species

Tree species of three growth forms (evergreen conifers, deciduous hardwoods, and evergreen hardwoods) codominate at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwoods in central Japan. This study examined the stand dynamics and competition during 13 years at a single plot to reveal how three gro...

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Autores principales: Takahashi, Koichi, Ikeyama, Yoshifumi, Okuhara, Isao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6262723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4592
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author Takahashi, Koichi
Ikeyama, Yoshifumi
Okuhara, Isao
author_facet Takahashi, Koichi
Ikeyama, Yoshifumi
Okuhara, Isao
author_sort Takahashi, Koichi
collection PubMed
description Tree species of three growth forms (evergreen conifers, deciduous hardwoods, and evergreen hardwoods) codominate at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwoods in central Japan. This study examined the stand dynamics and competition during 13 years at a single plot to reveal how three growth forms codominate at the ecotone. Species were characterized as large DBH and low tree density for evergreen conifers, and conversely for evergreen hardwoods. Total basal area increased during the examined period, accompanied with the reduction in tree density (i.e., mortality exceeded the recruitment rate). Mortality increased with time especially for small trees of deciduous hardwoods. The effect of competition among the three growth forms on tree growth was not detected. Species were classified into two axes. Ingrowth and recruitment rates of large evergreen conifers were lower than those of small evergreen hardwoods. The population growth rate was lower in species with greater mortality within each growth form. Deciduous hardwoods showed the highest mortality and lowest population growth rates among the three growth forms. Although the tree‐ring analysis revealed that disturbances occurred to some extent, the current disturbance regime would not trigger the regeneration of deciduous hardwoods. This study suggests that negative relations of maximum DBH with ingrowth and recruitment rates contribute to codominance of evergreen conifers and evergreen hardwoods, and more frequent or larger disturbances than at present are necessary for regeneration of deciduous hardwoods.
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spelling pubmed-62627232018-12-05 Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species Takahashi, Koichi Ikeyama, Yoshifumi Okuhara, Isao Ecol Evol Original Research Tree species of three growth forms (evergreen conifers, deciduous hardwoods, and evergreen hardwoods) codominate at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwoods in central Japan. This study examined the stand dynamics and competition during 13 years at a single plot to reveal how three growth forms codominate at the ecotone. Species were characterized as large DBH and low tree density for evergreen conifers, and conversely for evergreen hardwoods. Total basal area increased during the examined period, accompanied with the reduction in tree density (i.e., mortality exceeded the recruitment rate). Mortality increased with time especially for small trees of deciduous hardwoods. The effect of competition among the three growth forms on tree growth was not detected. Species were classified into two axes. Ingrowth and recruitment rates of large evergreen conifers were lower than those of small evergreen hardwoods. The population growth rate was lower in species with greater mortality within each growth form. Deciduous hardwoods showed the highest mortality and lowest population growth rates among the three growth forms. Although the tree‐ring analysis revealed that disturbances occurred to some extent, the current disturbance regime would not trigger the regeneration of deciduous hardwoods. This study suggests that negative relations of maximum DBH with ingrowth and recruitment rates contribute to codominance of evergreen conifers and evergreen hardwoods, and more frequent or larger disturbances than at present are necessary for regeneration of deciduous hardwoods. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6262723/ /pubmed/30519437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4592 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Takahashi, Koichi
Ikeyama, Yoshifumi
Okuhara, Isao
Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title_full Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title_fullStr Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title_full_unstemmed Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title_short Stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
title_sort stand dynamics and competition in a mixed forest at the northern distribution limit of evergreen hardwood species
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6262723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4592
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