Factors associated with visits to general practitioners in patients with schizophrenia in Malaga

BACKGROUND: Patients with psychiatric disorders have more physical problems than other patients, so their follow-up by the general practitioner is particularly important for them. METHODS: We aimed to elaborate a multilevel explanatory model of general practitioner (GP) visits made by patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (SRD). An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2008 to July 1, 2011, in the area of the Clinical Management Unit of Mental Health (CMU-MH) of the Regional Hospital of Malaga (Spain). The eligible population consisted of all patients with SRD in contact with a GP residing in the study area. Our dependent variable was total number GP visits. The independent variables were: 1) patient variables (sociodemographic and clinical variables); 2) primary care centre (PCC) variables. We performed descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and multilevel regression. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety four patients were included. Mean annual number of GP visits was 4.1. Female sex, living in a socioeconomically deprived area, a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder and contact with a GP who had a more active approach to mental health issues were associated with a higher number of visits whilst being single and good communication between the PCC and mental health teams were associated with a lower number of GP visits. CONCLUSIONS: Number of GP visits was not just associated with patient factors, but also with organisational and the involvement of health professionals, for example GPs with an active approach to mental health issues. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12875-018-0866-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.