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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study
An association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism may be biologically plausible, but the evidence to date is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism using conventional analysis and causal inference met...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6265272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5 |
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author | Caramaschi, Doretta Taylor, Amy E. Richmond, Rebecca C. Havdahl, Karoline Alexandra Golding, Jean Relton, Caroline L. Munafò, Marcus R. Davey Smith, George Rai, Dheeraj |
author_facet | Caramaschi, Doretta Taylor, Amy E. Richmond, Rebecca C. Havdahl, Karoline Alexandra Golding, Jean Relton, Caroline L. Munafò, Marcus R. Davey Smith, George Rai, Dheeraj |
author_sort | Caramaschi, Doretta |
collection | PubMed |
description | An association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism may be biologically plausible, but the evidence to date is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism using conventional analysis and causal inference methods. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children we investigated the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy (exposure) with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or possible ASD diagnosis (n = 11,946) and high scores on four autism-related traits (outcomes) (n = 7402–9152). Maternal smoking was self-reported and also measured using an epigenetic score (n = 866–964). Partner’s smoking was used as a negative control for intrauterine exposure (n = 6616–10,995). Mendelian randomisation (n = 1002–2037) was carried out using a genetic variant at the CHRNA3 locus in maternal DNA as a proxy for heaviness of smoking. In observational analysis, we observed an association between smoking during pregnancy and impairments in social communication [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.87] and repetitive behaviours, but multivariable adjustment suggested evidence for confounding. There was weaker evidence of such association for the other traits or a diagnosis of autism. The magnitude of association for partner’s smoking with impairments in social communication was similar [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.87] suggesting potential for shared confounding. There was weak evidence for an association of the epigenetic score or genetic variation at CHRNA3 with ASD or any of the autism-related traits. In conclusion, using several analytic methods, we did not find enough evidence to support a causal association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism or related traits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6265272 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62652722018-12-03 Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study Caramaschi, Doretta Taylor, Amy E. Richmond, Rebecca C. Havdahl, Karoline Alexandra Golding, Jean Relton, Caroline L. Munafò, Marcus R. Davey Smith, George Rai, Dheeraj Transl Psychiatry Article An association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism may be biologically plausible, but the evidence to date is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism using conventional analysis and causal inference methods. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children we investigated the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy (exposure) with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or possible ASD diagnosis (n = 11,946) and high scores on four autism-related traits (outcomes) (n = 7402–9152). Maternal smoking was self-reported and also measured using an epigenetic score (n = 866–964). Partner’s smoking was used as a negative control for intrauterine exposure (n = 6616–10,995). Mendelian randomisation (n = 1002–2037) was carried out using a genetic variant at the CHRNA3 locus in maternal DNA as a proxy for heaviness of smoking. In observational analysis, we observed an association between smoking during pregnancy and impairments in social communication [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.87] and repetitive behaviours, but multivariable adjustment suggested evidence for confounding. There was weaker evidence of such association for the other traits or a diagnosis of autism. The magnitude of association for partner’s smoking with impairments in social communication was similar [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.87] suggesting potential for shared confounding. There was weak evidence for an association of the epigenetic score or genetic variation at CHRNA3 with ASD or any of the autism-related traits. In conclusion, using several analytic methods, we did not find enough evidence to support a causal association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism or related traits. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6265272/ /pubmed/30498225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Caramaschi, Doretta Taylor, Amy E. Richmond, Rebecca C. Havdahl, Karoline Alexandra Golding, Jean Relton, Caroline L. Munafò, Marcus R. Davey Smith, George Rai, Dheeraj Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title | Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title_full | Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title_fullStr | Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title_short | Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
title_sort | maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6265272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5 |
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