Cargando…

Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source

Toxic cyanobacteria have been shown to accumulate in drinking water treatment plants that are susceptible to algal blooms. However, the risk for plants that do not experience algal blooms, but that receive a low influx of cells, is not well known. This study determined the extent of cell accumulatio...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Almuhtaram, Husein, Cui, Yijing, Zamyadi, Arash, Hofmann, Ron
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110430
_version_ 1783375809052934144
author Almuhtaram, Husein
Cui, Yijing
Zamyadi, Arash
Hofmann, Ron
author_facet Almuhtaram, Husein
Cui, Yijing
Zamyadi, Arash
Hofmann, Ron
author_sort Almuhtaram, Husein
collection PubMed
description Toxic cyanobacteria have been shown to accumulate in drinking water treatment plants that are susceptible to algal blooms. However, the risk for plants that do not experience algal blooms, but that receive a low influx of cells, is not well known. This study determined the extent of cell accumulation and presence of cyanotoxins across the treatment trains of four plants in the Great Lakes region. Samples were collected for microscopic enumeration and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements for microcystins, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin, and β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Low cell influxes (under 1000 cells/mL) resulted in significant cell accumulations (over 1 × 10(5) cells/mL) in clarifier sludge and filter backwash samples. Microcystins peaked at 7.2 µg/L in one clarifier sludge sample, exceeding the raw water concentration by a factor of 12. Anatoxin-a was detected in the finished drinking water of one plant at 0.6 µg/L. BMAA may have been detected in three finished water samples, though inconsistencies among the BMAA ELISAs call these results into question. In summary, the results show that plants receiving a low influx of cells can be at risk of toxic cyanobacterial accumulation, and therefore, the absence of a bloom at the source does not indicate the absence of risk.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6266306
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-62663062018-12-07 Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source Almuhtaram, Husein Cui, Yijing Zamyadi, Arash Hofmann, Ron Toxins (Basel) Article Toxic cyanobacteria have been shown to accumulate in drinking water treatment plants that are susceptible to algal blooms. However, the risk for plants that do not experience algal blooms, but that receive a low influx of cells, is not well known. This study determined the extent of cell accumulation and presence of cyanotoxins across the treatment trains of four plants in the Great Lakes region. Samples were collected for microscopic enumeration and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements for microcystins, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin, and β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Low cell influxes (under 1000 cells/mL) resulted in significant cell accumulations (over 1 × 10(5) cells/mL) in clarifier sludge and filter backwash samples. Microcystins peaked at 7.2 µg/L in one clarifier sludge sample, exceeding the raw water concentration by a factor of 12. Anatoxin-a was detected in the finished drinking water of one plant at 0.6 µg/L. BMAA may have been detected in three finished water samples, though inconsistencies among the BMAA ELISAs call these results into question. In summary, the results show that plants receiving a low influx of cells can be at risk of toxic cyanobacterial accumulation, and therefore, the absence of a bloom at the source does not indicate the absence of risk. MDPI 2018-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6266306/ /pubmed/30373126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110430 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Almuhtaram, Husein
Cui, Yijing
Zamyadi, Arash
Hofmann, Ron
Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title_full Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title_fullStr Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title_full_unstemmed Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title_short Cyanotoxins and Cyanobacteria Cell Accumulations in Drinking Water Treatment Plants with a Low Risk of Bloom Formation at the Source
title_sort cyanotoxins and cyanobacteria cell accumulations in drinking water treatment plants with a low risk of bloom formation at the source
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110430
work_keys_str_mv AT almuhtaramhusein cyanotoxinsandcyanobacteriacellaccumulationsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantswithalowriskofbloomformationatthesource
AT cuiyijing cyanotoxinsandcyanobacteriacellaccumulationsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantswithalowriskofbloomformationatthesource
AT zamyadiarash cyanotoxinsandcyanobacteriacellaccumulationsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantswithalowriskofbloomformationatthesource
AT hofmannron cyanotoxinsandcyanobacteriacellaccumulationsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantswithalowriskofbloomformationatthesource