Effect of Silica Fume as a Component of Alternative Binder on the Selected Technically Important Characteristics of Bio-Aggregate-Based Composites

This experimental study was focused on the application of an alternative binder based on MgO, and the variation of its components by the combination of two MgO products obtained by the calcinations of natural magnesite, siliceous materials (river sand and silica fume), and alkaline admixture in the mixture for a preparation of composite based on biomass waste such as hemp hurds as organic filler. This paper presents the results of the effect of an MgO binder composition on the compressive strength of the bio-aggregate-based composites. Other physical properties, such as the bulk density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and water absorption, were also investigated. The measured strength parameters of the bio-composite samples that were hardened for 28 days demonstrate that the binder consisting of optimal calcined MgO and silica fume as a total replacement for sand ensures a good binding of the matrix with hemp hurd compared to other varied compositions of alternative binder. No significant differences in bulk density and thermal conductivity values were found for these composites. However, the bio-composite specimen with an MgO–SiO(2) matrix had the highest compressive strength and achieved the lowest value of water absorption. An increase in hardening time of up to 90 days led to a significant improvement of strength as well as reduction in permeability.