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Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia

Vitamin D deficiency is a globally important problem, particularly in children, but there is a lack of information regarding this deficiency in preschool children from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to establish the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and associations of gender, time spen...

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Autores principales: Karin, Zeljka, Gilic, Barbara, Supe Domic, Daniela, Sarac, Zdenko, Ercegovic, Katarina, Zenic, Natasa, Uljevic, Ognjen, Peric, Mia, Markic, Josko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30413103
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112503
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author Karin, Zeljka
Gilic, Barbara
Supe Domic, Daniela
Sarac, Zdenko
Ercegovic, Katarina
Zenic, Natasa
Uljevic, Ognjen
Peric, Mia
Markic, Josko
author_facet Karin, Zeljka
Gilic, Barbara
Supe Domic, Daniela
Sarac, Zdenko
Ercegovic, Katarina
Zenic, Natasa
Uljevic, Ognjen
Peric, Mia
Markic, Josko
author_sort Karin, Zeljka
collection PubMed
description Vitamin D deficiency is a globally important problem, particularly in children, but there is a lack of information regarding this deficiency in preschool children from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to establish the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and associations of gender, time spent outdoors, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (as predictors) with the 25(OH)D level (outcome) in healthy preschool children. The participants were preschoolers (all 5–6 years of age) from southern Croatia. All the participants were tested during their mandatory medical examination 6–7 months prior to school enrollment. The PA was obtained using the preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), which categorizes PA into five levels (from sedentary to vigorous PA). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was high: 58% of the children had 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L (deficiency), and an additional 29% had an insufficient level of 25(OH)D (50–75 nmol/L). Boys had higher levels of 25(OH)D than girls. A multinomial regression using 25(OH)D categories as the outcome and a sufficient level (>75 nmol/L) as the reference value identified gender as the only significant predictor of 25(OH)D status, with boys being at lower risk for 25(OH)D deficiency than girls. These results showed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in preschoolers from the southern part of Croatia, which is additionally alarming based on the geographical position of the studied region (42° N) and its high number of sunshine hours (>2600 h per year). Future studies examining other potential correlates of 25(OH)D in the region are warranted.
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spelling pubmed-62669772018-12-15 Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia Karin, Zeljka Gilic, Barbara Supe Domic, Daniela Sarac, Zdenko Ercegovic, Katarina Zenic, Natasa Uljevic, Ognjen Peric, Mia Markic, Josko Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Vitamin D deficiency is a globally important problem, particularly in children, but there is a lack of information regarding this deficiency in preschool children from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to establish the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and associations of gender, time spent outdoors, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (as predictors) with the 25(OH)D level (outcome) in healthy preschool children. The participants were preschoolers (all 5–6 years of age) from southern Croatia. All the participants were tested during their mandatory medical examination 6–7 months prior to school enrollment. The PA was obtained using the preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), which categorizes PA into five levels (from sedentary to vigorous PA). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was high: 58% of the children had 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L (deficiency), and an additional 29% had an insufficient level of 25(OH)D (50–75 nmol/L). Boys had higher levels of 25(OH)D than girls. A multinomial regression using 25(OH)D categories as the outcome and a sufficient level (>75 nmol/L) as the reference value identified gender as the only significant predictor of 25(OH)D status, with boys being at lower risk for 25(OH)D deficiency than girls. These results showed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in preschoolers from the southern part of Croatia, which is additionally alarming based on the geographical position of the studied region (42° N) and its high number of sunshine hours (>2600 h per year). Future studies examining other potential correlates of 25(OH)D in the region are warranted. MDPI 2018-11-08 2018-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6266977/ /pubmed/30413103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112503 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Karin, Zeljka
Gilic, Barbara
Supe Domic, Daniela
Sarac, Zdenko
Ercegovic, Katarina
Zenic, Natasa
Uljevic, Ognjen
Peric, Mia
Markic, Josko
Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title_full Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title_fullStr Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title_short Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia
title_sort vitamin d status and analysis of specific correlates in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in southern croatia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30413103
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112503
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