The use of columns of the zeolite clinoptilolite in the remediation of aqueous nuclear waste streams

Mud Hills clinoptilolite has been used in an effluent treatment plant (SIXEP) at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site. This material has been used to remove (134/137)Cs and (90)Sr successfully from effluents for 3 decades. Samples of the zeolite have been tested in column experiments to determine their ability to remove radioactive Cs(+) and Sr(2+) ions under increasing concentrations of competing ions, Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+). These ions caused increased elution of Cs(+) and Sr(2+). Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and K(+) were more effective competitors than Na(+). For Na(+), it was found that if concentration was reduced, then column performance recovered rapidly. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10967-018-6329-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.