Molluscicidal Activity of Methomyl and Cardenolide Extracts from Calotropis procera and Adenium arabicum Against the Land Snail Monacha cantiana

In this work, we have evaluated the molluscicidal activity of two cardenolide extracts from Adenium arabicum Balf f. [the benzene (B) and methanol (M) extracts], one cardenolide extract from Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (extract C), and methomyl against the harmful land snail Monacha cantiana (Montagu). The contact LD(50) values for the above mentioned plant extracts were 12.62, 34.63, and 34.35 mg·kg(−1) of body weight, respectively, while the LD(50) for methomyl was 116.62 mg·kg(−1), that is, the plant extracts were 9.24, 3.37, and 3.4 times more toxic than methomyl. In addition, a simple colorimetric method, based on Kedde reagent, was modified to determine cardenolide concentrations in plant extracts. Thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC) showed several cardiac glycosidal compounds in each plant extract. The results proved that cardiac glycosides are promising candidate compounds that could be used to control land snails, or exploited to develop new, effective, and environmentally friendly molluscicides.