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Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti
The allelopathic effects of different parts of the plant Xanthium italicum Moretti were evaluated by conducting bioassays against two dicot plants, amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) and lettuce (Lectuca sativa L.), and two monocot plants, wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn) and ryegrass (Lolium multif...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6268672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22469597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044037 |
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author | Shao, Hua Huang, Xiaoli Wei, Xiaoyi Zhang, Chi |
author_facet | Shao, Hua Huang, Xiaoli Wei, Xiaoyi Zhang, Chi |
author_sort | Shao, Hua |
collection | PubMed |
description | The allelopathic effects of different parts of the plant Xanthium italicum Moretti were evaluated by conducting bioassays against two dicot plants, amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) and lettuce (Lectuca sativa L.), and two monocot plants, wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn) and ryegrass (Lolium multiforum). Leaf and fruit extract possessed the strongest biological activity, killing all seeds of four test species at 0.05 g/mL concentration. Fruits were chosen for further investigation because of their high biomass. This led to the isolation and identification of a phytotoxin—Xanthinosin—a known sesquiterpene lactone. Xanthinosin significantly affected seedling growth of all test species at 160 µM concentration. Cultivating seeds in 800 μM xanthinosin solution resulted in a great decrease in seedling growth of all test species, especially for the two dicot plants, amaranth and lettuce, whose root length was inhibited by 78% and 89%, respectively. By comparison, the numbers were 69% lower for wheat, and 66% for ryegrass, two monocot plants. When treated with 4 mM xanthinosin solution, seed germination of all test plants was almost completely inhibited. The possibility of utilizing xanthinosin as an eco-friendly herbicide was discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6268672 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62686722018-12-11 Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti Shao, Hua Huang, Xiaoli Wei, Xiaoyi Zhang, Chi Molecules Article The allelopathic effects of different parts of the plant Xanthium italicum Moretti were evaluated by conducting bioassays against two dicot plants, amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) and lettuce (Lectuca sativa L.), and two monocot plants, wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn) and ryegrass (Lolium multiforum). Leaf and fruit extract possessed the strongest biological activity, killing all seeds of four test species at 0.05 g/mL concentration. Fruits were chosen for further investigation because of their high biomass. This led to the isolation and identification of a phytotoxin—Xanthinosin—a known sesquiterpene lactone. Xanthinosin significantly affected seedling growth of all test species at 160 µM concentration. Cultivating seeds in 800 μM xanthinosin solution resulted in a great decrease in seedling growth of all test species, especially for the two dicot plants, amaranth and lettuce, whose root length was inhibited by 78% and 89%, respectively. By comparison, the numbers were 69% lower for wheat, and 66% for ryegrass, two monocot plants. When treated with 4 mM xanthinosin solution, seed germination of all test plants was almost completely inhibited. The possibility of utilizing xanthinosin as an eco-friendly herbicide was discussed. MDPI 2012-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6268672/ /pubmed/22469597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044037 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shao, Hua Huang, Xiaoli Wei, Xiaoyi Zhang, Chi Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title | Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title_full | Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title_fullStr | Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title_short | Phytotoxic Effects and a Phytotoxin from the Invasive Plant Xanthium italicum Moretti |
title_sort | phytotoxic effects and a phytotoxin from the invasive plant xanthium italicum moretti |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6268672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22469597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044037 |
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