Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Effect of 1-Hexadecene Addition on Palmarumycin C(2) and C(3) Yields in Liquid Culture of Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12

Two spirobisnaphthalenes, namely palmarumycins C(2) and C(3), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 after treatment with 1-hexadecene. After addition of 1-hexadecene at 10% to the medium on day 6 of culture, the maximal yields of palmarumycins C(2) and C(3) were obtained as 0.40 g/L and 1.19 g/L, which were 40.00 fold and 59.50 fold higher, respectively, in comparison with those of the control (0.01 g/L and 0.02 g/L). The results indicated that addition of 1-hexadecene can be an effective strategy for enhancing the production of palmarumycins C(2) and C(3) in liquid culture of endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Palmarumycin C(3) exhibited stronger antimicrobial and antioxidant activities than palmarumycin C(2).