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Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples

Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant...

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Autor principal: Prosen, Helena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056776
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author Prosen, Helena
author_facet Prosen, Helena
author_sort Prosen, Helena
collection PubMed
description Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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spelling pubmed-62713812018-12-21 Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples Prosen, Helena Molecules Review Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact. MDPI 2014-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6271381/ /pubmed/24858267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056776 Text en © 2014 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Prosen, Helena
Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title_full Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title_fullStr Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title_full_unstemmed Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title_short Applications of Liquid-Phase Microextraction in the Sample Preparation of Environmental Solid Samples
title_sort applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056776
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